The importance of building energy efficiency stands out in sustainable facility management, especially within higher education institutions, which exhibit high energy usage levels. The research develops a conceptual framework that measures building energy efficiency through the combination of passive and active design strategies and advanced digital technologies. The proposed framework uses the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework along with Six Sigma methodology and Business Process Redesign (BPR) to improve energy performance assessment and optimization processes. The research predicts that combining passive design elements like building orientation, natural ventilation, daylighting and building envelope with active systems such as HVAC and lighting system will result in substantial energy savings. Expert reviews and case studies at Malaysian polytechnic institutions will establish the framework’s capability to enhance facility management practices. The study presents useful outcomes for facility managers, policymakers, and energy consultants by delivering a step-by-step approach for systematic energy efficiency evaluation and decision-making.

Building Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Facility Management, Higher Education Institutions, Energy Performance Framework, Passive and Active Strategies