Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats

Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo; Layonu Naheemat Mojirade

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats

Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo^*

, Layonu Naheemat Mojirade

Published in Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 20 June 2024 Accepted: 8 July 2024 Published: 23 July 2024

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.

Published in	Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
Page(s)	13-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diabetes, Swimming, Blood Glucose, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Lipid Profile

References

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APA Style

Olufunmilayo, I. G., Mojirade, L. N. (2024). Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Advances in Applied Physiology, 9(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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ACS Style

Olufunmilayo, I. G.; Mojirade, L. N. Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2024, 9(1), 13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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AMA Style

Olufunmilayo IG, Mojirade LN. Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Adv Appl Physiol. 2024;9(1):13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12,
  author = {Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo and Layonu Naheemat Mojirade},
  title = {Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats
},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20240901.12},
  abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats

AU  - Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo
AU  - Layonu Naheemat Mojirade
Y1  - 2024/07/23
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9714
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-1790
Layonu Naheemat Mojirade

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Olufunmilayo, I. G., Mojirade, L. N. (2024). Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Advances in Applied Physiology, 9(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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ACS Style

Olufunmilayo, I. G.; Mojirade, L. N. Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2024, 9(1), 13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

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AMA Style

Olufunmilayo IG, Mojirade LN. Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Adv Appl Physiol. 2024;9(1):13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12,
  author = {Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo and Layonu Naheemat Mojirade},
  title = {Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats
},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20240901.12},
  abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Swimming Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose, Adiponectin, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Wistar Rats

AU  - Isehunwa Grace Olufunmilayo
AU  - Layonu Naheemat Mojirade
Y1  - 2024/07/23
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9714
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20240901.12
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that causes persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin action or secretion. Regular physical exercise has been reported to improve glycemia and lipid profile in diabetes. However, literature is scare on the effects of swimming exercise on the serum levels of adiponectin and glucose 6 phosphatase in Wister rats with diabetes This study therefore, investigated the effects of swimming exercise on adiponectin, glucose 6-phosphatase and lipid profile in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This study was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats grouped into five groups (n=5/group): group 1=control, group 2=diabetes, group 3=diabetes treated with metformin, group 4=non-diabetes and swimming exercise, group 5=diabetes and swimming exercise. Animals in groups 2, 3, and 5 were induced with Streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After 72 hours of diabetes induction, animals with a blood glucose level of ≥ 200 mg/dl were confirmed diabetics and used for the study. Group 3 animals were treated with metformin 200mg/kg giving orally for 28 days. Animals in groups 4 and 5 were subjected to swimming exercises for 5-10 minutes during the first week until they could swim freely for 30 minutes. The animals were then allowed to swim 5 days per week for 28 days. Swimming exercise for 28 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Ppase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total cholesterol (TC), and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels but caused significant increase in adiponectin and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) of diabetic animals caused by swimming for 28 days. This study demonstrated that swimming exercise for 28 days may help lower glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin level and decreasing G6Pase activity in diabetic rats. Also, swimming exercise may help improve lipid profile in diabetic rats.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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