Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi; Ibeneme Uche; Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu

Published in Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 3 June 2019 Accepted: 9 July 2019 Published: 30 July 2019

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Abstract

Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.

Published in	Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
Page(s)	37-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phenolic Resisn, Cow Bone, Periwinkle Shell, Thermo-Mechanical Properties

References

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[2]	Dan-Asabe, Bashar, Peter, Madakson B., Jospeh, Many: (2012 “Material Selection and Production of a Cold-worked Composite Brake Pad.” World Journal of Engineering, Pure and Applied Science [WJEPAS] vol. 2(3) pp. 92-97.
[3]	Basha J. K, Taylor, and husband, DA.(2005): 'friction pads for use in Disc brakes, US pat5725077 (United State Patent and Trademark office).
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Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. (2019). Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 7(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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ACS Style

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi; Ibeneme Uche; Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2019, 7(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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AMA Style

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2019;7(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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@article{10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13,
  author = {Ejiogu Ibe Kevin and Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi and Ibeneme Uche and Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu},
  title = {Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20190703.13},
  abstract = {Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler
AU  - Ejiogu Ibe Kevin
AU  - Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi
AU  - Ibeneme Uche
AU  - Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu
Y1  - 2019/07/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
AB  - Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin

Directorate of Research and Development, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samara, Zaria, Nigeria
Ibeneme Uche

Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samara, Zaria, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. (2019). Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 7(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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ACS Style

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi; Ibeneme Uche; Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2019, 7(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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AMA Style

Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2019;7(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13,
  author = {Ejiogu Ibe Kevin and Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi and Ibeneme Uche and Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu},
  title = {Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20190703.13},
  abstract = {Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler
AU  - Ejiogu Ibe Kevin
AU  - Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi
AU  - Ibeneme Uche
AU  - Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu
Y1  - 2019/07/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
AB  - Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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