Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia

Fikadu Wodajo; Damitie Kebede; Mengistie Taye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia

Fikadu Wodajo^*

, Damitie Kebede

, Mengistie Taye

Published in Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 24 November 2024 Accepted: 10 December 2024 Published: 27 December 2024

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Abstract

Genetic factors are unique to each population and might vary over time as a result of selection and management strategies. As a result, this study sought to explore the genetic and phenotypic relationships of growth traits in Holstein Friesian (HF) x Boran (Bo) crossbred dairy cattle raised at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) dairy farm. The performance data of 14,062 crossbred calves gathered over 22 years (1997-2018) were evaluated. The significance of fixed factors, such as year of birth, season of birth, calf sex, and genotype, was assessed using the General Linear Model (GLM) approach in SAS software (9.0). The Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) technique was used with WOMBAT software to assess genetic and phenotypic relationships for growth traits while fitting an animal model. The most significant direct genetic correlation was identified between yearling weight and post-weaning average daily gain, with a value of 0.944±0.02. This was followed by a correlation of 0.84±0.04 between weaning weight and six-month weight. In contrast, birth weight exhibited weaker genetic relationships with weaning weight (0.07±0.11) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0.10±0.12). The genetic correlations among various growth traits ranged from 0.94±0.02 to 0.07±0.11, whereas the phenotypic correlations spanned from 0.93±0.04 to -0.03±0.04. Early selection in calves is advantageous because the largely moderately positive genetic correlations imply little genetic antagonism and show that choosing for one trait is likely to enhance other growth traits.

Published in	Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
Page(s)	105-110
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Correlation, Dairy Cattle, Genetic Parameter, Growth Trait

References

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APA Style

Wodajo, F., Kebede, D., Taye, M. (2024). Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 12(4), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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ACS Style

Wodajo, F.; Kebede, D.; Taye, M. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2024, 12(4), 105-110. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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AMA Style

Wodajo F, Kebede D, Taye M. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2024;12(4):105-110. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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@article{10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15,
  author = {Fikadu Wodajo and Damitie Kebede and Mengistie Taye},
  title = {Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {105-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20241204.15},
  abstract = {Genetic factors are unique to each population and might vary over time as a result of selection and management strategies. As a result, this study sought to explore the genetic and phenotypic relationships of growth traits in Holstein Friesian (HF) x Boran (Bo) crossbred dairy cattle raised at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) dairy farm. The performance data of 14,062 crossbred calves gathered over 22 years (1997-2018) were evaluated. The significance of fixed factors, such as year of birth, season of birth, calf sex, and genotype, was assessed using the General Linear Model (GLM) approach in SAS software (9.0). The Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) technique was used with WOMBAT software to assess genetic and phenotypic relationships for growth traits while fitting an animal model. The most significant direct genetic correlation was identified between yearling weight and post-weaning average daily gain, with a value of 0.944±0.02. This was followed by a correlation of 0.84±0.04 between weaning weight and six-month weight. In contrast, birth weight exhibited weaker genetic relationships with weaning weight (0.07±0.11) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0.10±0.12). The genetic correlations among various growth traits ranged from 0.94±0.02 to 0.07±0.11, whereas the phenotypic correlations spanned from 0.93±0.04 to -0.03±0.04. Early selection in calves is advantageous because the largely moderately positive genetic correlations imply little genetic antagonism and show that choosing for one trait is likely to enhance other growth traits.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia

AU  - Fikadu Wodajo
AU  - Damitie Kebede
AU  - Mengistie Taye
Y1  - 2024/12/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 105
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
AB  - Genetic factors are unique to each population and might vary over time as a result of selection and management strategies. As a result, this study sought to explore the genetic and phenotypic relationships of growth traits in Holstein Friesian (HF) x Boran (Bo) crossbred dairy cattle raised at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) dairy farm. The performance data of 14,062 crossbred calves gathered over 22 years (1997-2018) were evaluated. The significance of fixed factors, such as year of birth, season of birth, calf sex, and genotype, was assessed using the General Linear Model (GLM) approach in SAS software (9.0). The Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) technique was used with WOMBAT software to assess genetic and phenotypic relationships for growth traits while fitting an animal model. The most significant direct genetic correlation was identified between yearling weight and post-weaning average daily gain, with a value of 0.944±0.02. This was followed by a correlation of 0.84±0.04 between weaning weight and six-month weight. In contrast, birth weight exhibited weaker genetic relationships with weaning weight (0.07±0.11) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0.10±0.12). The genetic correlations among various growth traits ranged from 0.94±0.02 to 0.07±0.11, whereas the phenotypic correlations spanned from 0.93±0.04 to -0.03±0.04. Early selection in calves is advantageous because the largely moderately positive genetic correlations imply little genetic antagonism and show that choosing for one trait is likely to enhance other growth traits.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Fikadu Wodajo

Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Holetta, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-980X
Damitie Kebede

Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5494-9906
Mengistie Taye

Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9943

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APA Style

Wodajo, F., Kebede, D., Taye, M. (2024). Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 12(4), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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ACS Style

Wodajo, F.; Kebede, D.; Taye, M. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2024, 12(4), 105-110. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

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AMA Style

Wodajo F, Kebede D, Taye M. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2024;12(4):105-110. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15,
  author = {Fikadu Wodajo and Damitie Kebede and Mengistie Taye},
  title = {Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {105-110},
  doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20241204.15},
  abstract = {Genetic factors are unique to each population and might vary over time as a result of selection and management strategies. As a result, this study sought to explore the genetic and phenotypic relationships of growth traits in Holstein Friesian (HF) x Boran (Bo) crossbred dairy cattle raised at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) dairy farm. The performance data of 14,062 crossbred calves gathered over 22 years (1997-2018) were evaluated. The significance of fixed factors, such as year of birth, season of birth, calf sex, and genotype, was assessed using the General Linear Model (GLM) approach in SAS software (9.0). The Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) technique was used with WOMBAT software to assess genetic and phenotypic relationships for growth traits while fitting an animal model. The most significant direct genetic correlation was identified between yearling weight and post-weaning average daily gain, with a value of 0.944±0.02. This was followed by a correlation of 0.84±0.04 between weaning weight and six-month weight. In contrast, birth weight exhibited weaker genetic relationships with weaning weight (0.07±0.11) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0.10±0.12). The genetic correlations among various growth traits ranged from 0.94±0.02 to 0.07±0.11, whereas the phenotypic correlations spanned from 0.93±0.04 to -0.03±0.04. Early selection in calves is advantageous because the largely moderately positive genetic correlations imply little genetic antagonism and show that choosing for one trait is likely to enhance other growth traits.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Estimation for Growth Traits of Holstein Friesian X Boran Crossbred Dairy Cattle in the Central Highland of Ethiopia

AU  - Fikadu Wodajo
AU  - Damitie Kebede
AU  - Mengistie Taye
Y1  - 2024/12/27
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 105
EP  - 110
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241204.15
AB  - Genetic factors are unique to each population and might vary over time as a result of selection and management strategies. As a result, this study sought to explore the genetic and phenotypic relationships of growth traits in Holstein Friesian (HF) x Boran (Bo) crossbred dairy cattle raised at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) dairy farm. The performance data of 14,062 crossbred calves gathered over 22 years (1997-2018) were evaluated. The significance of fixed factors, such as year of birth, season of birth, calf sex, and genotype, was assessed using the General Linear Model (GLM) approach in SAS software (9.0). The Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) technique was used with WOMBAT software to assess genetic and phenotypic relationships for growth traits while fitting an animal model. The most significant direct genetic correlation was identified between yearling weight and post-weaning average daily gain, with a value of 0.944±0.02. This was followed by a correlation of 0.84±0.04 between weaning weight and six-month weight. In contrast, birth weight exhibited weaker genetic relationships with weaning weight (0.07±0.11) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0.10±0.12). The genetic correlations among various growth traits ranged from 0.94±0.02 to 0.07±0.11, whereas the phenotypic correlations spanned from 0.93±0.04 to -0.03±0.04. Early selection in calves is advantageous because the largely moderately positive genetic correlations imply little genetic antagonism and show that choosing for one trait is likely to enhance other growth traits.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download