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Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative

Received: 23 June 2025     Accepted: 7 July 2025     Published: 5 August 2025
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Abstract

Fractional differential inequalities have emerged as powerful tools for modeling and analyzing dynamic systems with fractional-order derivatives, offering a sophisticated framework to capture the complexities of real-world processes. Among the various analytical techniques, the comparison principle stands out as a fundamental approach in understanding the behavior of solutions to fractional differential inequalities. This study focuses on the development and analysis of comparison principles for some of the fractional differential inequalities involving the variable-order Caputo fractional derivative which is a generalization of the classical Caputo derivative that allows the order of differentiation to vary with respect to time or space. Such flexibility is important for modeling systems whose memory characteristics change over time or space. We formulate both weak and strong versions of the comparison principle with variable order Caputo fractional derivative. Our approach combines analytical techniques from fractional calculus and the theory of differential inequalities to establish some results. To have the applicability and relevance of our theoretical work, we provide an example demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed comparison theorems. The findings of this paper not only contribute to the theoretical advancement of fractional differential inequalities with variable order but also applicable to systems where dynamic memory effects are prominent.

Published in Applied and Computational Mathematics (Volume 14, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14
Page(s) 216-222
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Comparison Principle, Fractional Differential Inequalities, Variable Order Caputo Derivative, Volterra Fractional Integral Equation, Fractional Calculus

References
[1] Kilbas, A. A., Marichev, O. I., and Samko, S. G. (1993). Fractional integrals and derivatives (theory and applications).
[2] Podlubny, I. (1998). Fractional differential equations: an introduction to fractional derivatives, fractional differential equations, to methods of their solution and some of their applications. Elsevier.
[3] McNabb, A. (1986). Comparison theorems for differential equations. Journal of mathematical analysis and applications, 119(1-2), 417-428.
[4] Drici, Z., Vasundhara Devi, J., and McRae, F. A. (2018). Differential inequalities and the comparison principle: The core of Professor V. Lakshmikantham research. Nonlinear World, An International Journal, 1, 5-9.
[5] Hoang, N. S., and Ramm, A. G. (2010). Nonlinear differential inequality. Mathematical Inequalities and Applications, 2407.
[6] Pachpatte, B. G. (1998). Inequalities for differential and integral equations (No. 17868). Academic press.
[7] Alsaedi, A., Ahmad, B., and Kirane, M. (2017). A survey of useful inequalities in fractional calculus. Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, 20(3), 574- 594.
[8] Al-Refai, M., and Luchko, Y. (2022). Comparison principles for solutions to the fractional differential inequalities with the general fractional derivatives and their applications. Journal of Differential Equations, 319, 312-324.
[9] Anastassiou, G. A. (2009). Fractional differentiation inequalities. Springer.
[10] Lakshmikantham, V., and Vatsala, A. S. (2007). Theory of fractional differential inequalities and applications. Communications in Applied Analysis, 11(3-4), 395-402.
[11] Lakshmikantham, V., and Vatsala, A. S. (2008). Basic theory of fractional differential equations. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications, 69(8), 2677-2682.
[12] Albasheir, N. A., Alsinai, A., Niazi, A. U. K., Shafqat, R., Romana, Alhagyan, M., and Gargouri, A. (2023). A theoretical investigation of Caputo variable order fractional differential equations: existence, uniqueness, and stability analysis. Computational and Applied Mathematics, 42(8), 367.
[13] Szarski, J. (1965). Differential inequalities. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw.
[14] Jleli, M., and Samet, B. (2020). Nonexistence results for some classes of nonlinear fractional differential inequalities. Journal of Function Spaces, 2020, 1-8.
[15] Lu, Z., and Zhu, Y. (2018). Comparison principles for fractional differential equations with the Caputo derivatives. Advances in Difference Equations, 2018(1), 1-11.
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  • APA Style

    Patil, J. V., Janjal, M. M. (2025). Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 14(4), 216-222. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14

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    ACS Style

    Patil, J. V.; Janjal, M. M. Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative. Appl. Comput. Math. 2025, 14(4), 216-222. doi: 10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14

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    AMA Style

    Patil JV, Janjal MM. Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative. Appl Comput Math. 2025;14(4):216-222. doi: 10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14,
      author = {Jayashree Vinayakrao Patil and Monali Manikrao Janjal},
      title = {Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative
    },
      journal = {Applied and Computational Mathematics},
      volume = {14},
      number = {4},
      pages = {216-222},
      doi = {10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20251404.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.acm.20251404.14},
      abstract = {Fractional differential inequalities have emerged as powerful tools for modeling and analyzing dynamic systems with fractional-order derivatives, offering a sophisticated framework to capture the complexities of real-world processes. Among the various analytical techniques, the comparison principle stands out as a fundamental approach in understanding the behavior of solutions to fractional differential inequalities. This study focuses on the development and analysis of comparison principles for some of the fractional differential inequalities involving the variable-order Caputo fractional derivative which is a generalization of the classical Caputo derivative that allows the order of differentiation to vary with respect to time or space. Such flexibility is important for modeling systems whose memory characteristics change over time or space. We formulate both weak and strong versions of the comparison principle with variable order Caputo fractional derivative. Our approach combines analytical techniques from fractional calculus and the theory of differential inequalities to establish some results. To have the applicability and relevance of our theoretical work, we provide an example demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed comparison theorems. The findings of this paper not only contribute to the theoretical advancement of fractional differential inequalities with variable order but also applicable to systems where dynamic memory effects are prominent.
    },
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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    T1  - Comparison Principle for Fractional Differential Inequalities with Variable Order Caputo Derivative
    
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    AU  - Monali Manikrao Janjal
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    AB  - Fractional differential inequalities have emerged as powerful tools for modeling and analyzing dynamic systems with fractional-order derivatives, offering a sophisticated framework to capture the complexities of real-world processes. Among the various analytical techniques, the comparison principle stands out as a fundamental approach in understanding the behavior of solutions to fractional differential inequalities. This study focuses on the development and analysis of comparison principles for some of the fractional differential inequalities involving the variable-order Caputo fractional derivative which is a generalization of the classical Caputo derivative that allows the order of differentiation to vary with respect to time or space. Such flexibility is important for modeling systems whose memory characteristics change over time or space. We formulate both weak and strong versions of the comparison principle with variable order Caputo fractional derivative. Our approach combines analytical techniques from fractional calculus and the theory of differential inequalities to establish some results. To have the applicability and relevance of our theoretical work, we provide an example demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed comparison theorems. The findings of this paper not only contribute to the theoretical advancement of fractional differential inequalities with variable order but also applicable to systems where dynamic memory effects are prominent.
    
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