Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends

Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri

Published in Applied Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 18 December 2019 Accepted: 25 December 2019 Published: 7 January 2020

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Abstract

From human and animal provenances, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms come into water mediums. Such bacteria are capable of diffusing their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which as well hold resistance genes. Conversely, several antibiotics from industrial sources spread in water mediums, greatly modifying microbial ecosystems. During the last decade, hazard evaluation protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, founded on better programs for antibiotics discovery and antibiotic resistance microbial origin tracking, are more and more enhanced. Techniques to decrease resistant bacterial charge in wastewaters and the number of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, involve regulation of disinfection methods and running of wastewater and manure. For avoiding mixing human-originated and animal-originated microorganisms with ecological organisms, a procedure is more than recommended. This work reviews the facts and future trends of this new open and imposed field in dealing with domestic wastewater. It is vital to elevate efficient barrier measures such as membranes processes, like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, avoiding the integration of resistant and pathogenic bacteria into nature. Techniques have to be developed for cheap and reliable: first, bacterial clones and resistance genes origin tracking; second, detection of antibiotics in water mediums; third, disinfection of water from antibiotic-resistant populations and the resistance gene pool, and elimination of antibiotics from wastewater; and fourth, prevention policies for mixing human–animal-originated and soil–water bacteria.

Published in	Applied Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria (ARB), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs), Wastewater Treatment, Disinfection, Oxidation, Drinking Water

References

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. (2020). Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Applied Engineering, 4(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri. Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Appl. Eng. 2020, 4(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Appl Eng. 2020;4(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri},
  title = {Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20200401.11},
  abstract = {From human and animal provenances, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms come into water mediums. Such bacteria are capable of diffusing their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which as well hold resistance genes. Conversely, several antibiotics from industrial sources spread in water mediums, greatly modifying microbial ecosystems. During the last decade, hazard evaluation protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, founded on better programs for antibiotics discovery and antibiotic resistance microbial origin tracking, are more and more enhanced. Techniques to decrease resistant bacterial charge in wastewaters and the number of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, involve regulation of disinfection methods and running of wastewater and manure. For avoiding mixing human-originated and animal-originated microorganisms with ecological organisms, a procedure is more than recommended. This work reviews the facts and future trends of this new open and imposed field in dealing with domestic wastewater. It is vital to elevate efficient barrier measures such as membranes processes, like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, avoiding the integration of resistant and pathogenic bacteria into nature. Techniques have to be developed for cheap and reliable: first, bacterial clones and resistance genes origin tracking; second, detection of antibiotics in water mediums; third, disinfection of water from antibiotic-resistant populations and the resistance gene pool, and elimination of antibiotics from wastewater; and fourth, prevention policies for mixing human–animal-originated and soil–water bacteria.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
Y1  - 2020/01/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 1
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
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AB  - From human and animal provenances, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms come into water mediums. Such bacteria are capable of diffusing their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which as well hold resistance genes. Conversely, several antibiotics from industrial sources spread in water mediums, greatly modifying microbial ecosystems. During the last decade, hazard evaluation protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, founded on better programs for antibiotics discovery and antibiotic resistance microbial origin tracking, are more and more enhanced. Techniques to decrease resistant bacterial charge in wastewaters and the number of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, involve regulation of disinfection methods and running of wastewater and manure. For avoiding mixing human-originated and animal-originated microorganisms with ecological organisms, a procedure is more than recommended. This work reviews the facts and future trends of this new open and imposed field in dealing with domestic wastewater. It is vital to elevate efficient barrier measures such as membranes processes, like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, avoiding the integration of resistant and pathogenic bacteria into nature. Techniques have to be developed for cheap and reliable: first, bacterial clones and resistance genes origin tracking; second, detection of antibiotics in water mediums; third, disinfection of water from antibiotic-resistant populations and the resistance gene pool, and elimination of antibiotics from wastewater; and fourth, prevention policies for mixing human–animal-originated and soil–water bacteria.
VL  - 4
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Djamel Ghernaout

Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Noureddine Elboughdiri

Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. (2020). Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Applied Engineering, 4(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri. Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Appl. Eng. 2020, 4(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends. Appl Eng. 2020;4(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri},
  title = {Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20200401.11},
  abstract = {From human and animal provenances, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms come into water mediums. Such bacteria are capable of diffusing their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which as well hold resistance genes. Conversely, several antibiotics from industrial sources spread in water mediums, greatly modifying microbial ecosystems. During the last decade, hazard evaluation protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, founded on better programs for antibiotics discovery and antibiotic resistance microbial origin tracking, are more and more enhanced. Techniques to decrease resistant bacterial charge in wastewaters and the number of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, involve regulation of disinfection methods and running of wastewater and manure. For avoiding mixing human-originated and animal-originated microorganisms with ecological organisms, a procedure is more than recommended. This work reviews the facts and future trends of this new open and imposed field in dealing with domestic wastewater. It is vital to elevate efficient barrier measures such as membranes processes, like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, avoiding the integration of resistant and pathogenic bacteria into nature. Techniques have to be developed for cheap and reliable: first, bacterial clones and resistance genes origin tracking; second, detection of antibiotics in water mediums; third, disinfection of water from antibiotic-resistant populations and the resistance gene pool, and elimination of antibiotics from wastewater; and fourth, prevention policies for mixing human–animal-originated and soil–water bacteria.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antibiotics Resistance in Water Mediums: Background, Facts, and Trends
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
Y1  - 2020/01/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20200401.11
AB  - From human and animal provenances, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms come into water mediums. Such bacteria are capable of diffusing their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which as well hold resistance genes. Conversely, several antibiotics from industrial sources spread in water mediums, greatly modifying microbial ecosystems. During the last decade, hazard evaluation protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, founded on better programs for antibiotics discovery and antibiotic resistance microbial origin tracking, are more and more enhanced. Techniques to decrease resistant bacterial charge in wastewaters and the number of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, involve regulation of disinfection methods and running of wastewater and manure. For avoiding mixing human-originated and animal-originated microorganisms with ecological organisms, a procedure is more than recommended. This work reviews the facts and future trends of this new open and imposed field in dealing with domestic wastewater. It is vital to elevate efficient barrier measures such as membranes processes, like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, avoiding the integration of resistant and pathogenic bacteria into nature. Techniques have to be developed for cheap and reliable: first, bacterial clones and resistance genes origin tracking; second, detection of antibiotics in water mediums; third, disinfection of water from antibiotic-resistant populations and the resistance gene pool, and elimination of antibiotics from wastewater; and fourth, prevention policies for mixing human–animal-originated and soil–water bacteria.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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