The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application

Ibeneme Uche; Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Umar Muhammad Hamis; Egwu Chinwe Euphemia; Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi; Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application

Ibeneme Uche, Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Umar Muhammad Hamis, Egwu Chinwe Euphemia, Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 26 June 2018 Accepted: 16 August 2018 Published: 12 September 2018

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Abstract

Huracrepitan pod was the fibre material used for this research and unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. The huracrepitan pod was crushed with the aid of the Thomas-Willey laboratory mill machine, model 4 and was sieved using a standard sieve of 250 µm. The crushed huracrepitan pod was then soaked in a standard solution of 20% Sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours and washed with distilled water. It was later dried in the oven for an hour for final removal of moisture. I00 g of unsaturated polyester resin was reinforced with huracrepitan pod particles of filler loadings of 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g., while 90 g, 80 g, 70 g and 60 g of unsaturated polyester resin were reinforced with 20 g, 30 g and 40 g huracrepitan pod.The composites obtained were cut into dumbbell shapes and characterized to assess their performance. The hardness was enhanced to the maximum of 99.00 Shore A at 40% filler loading the percentage water absorption was found to be 0.3g. Pure unsaturated polyester resin recorded hardness of 94.67 Shore A, and water absorption of 0.30g and the percentage elongation optimum was found to be 15% at 40% filler loading and 2.5% at 0% filler loading. The results indicated that the use of huracrepitan pod particles as reinforcement can enhance the properties of polyester composites. It was observed that the samples with the highest filler loading absorbed more impact energy and also increased the elongation percentage. The application of Huracrepitan pod as filler in this work improved the mechanical properties of the thermosetting polymer.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
Page(s)	16-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Huracrepitan Pod, Unsaturated Polyester Resin, Composite, Filler Loading, Fibers

References

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[2]	Chandramohan D. and K Manninmathu (2011a): drilling of natural fiber particles reinforced polymer composites materials, International Journal of advanced engineering research and studies. Vol. 1. Tissue 1 October-December, 2011, pg 134-145.
[3]	Jones. David E (2007). Poison arrows: North American Indian huntingandwarefare. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71428-1.
[4]	Kabirat (2016) preparation and characterization of polypropylene composite filled with huracrepitan pod particles.
[5]	Waterman, Pamela J. (2007): “the life of composite material” Desktop Engineering Magazine.
[6]	Chandramohan D., Marimuthu K., A research review on natural fibers, Proceedings of the International Journal of Current Research, (2011b), 3(11), p. 331-337.
[7]	Pilato, L, Michno, Michael, J(1994) Advanced Composite materials, Springer-Verlag. Newyork, ISBN 978-3-540-57563-4.
[8]	Campbell, F, (2010). Thermoset Composite Fabrication processes, in: Structural composite materials. S, I, ASM International pp 119-182.www.asm international.org.
[9]	Francesca, S, Simonia, B, Maria-Bentrica(2008) Po(Lactic acid) Properties as a consequence of poly(butylene) adipate-co-terephthalate) blending and acetyltributyl citrate plastication. Journal of applied Polymer Science.
[10]	Dwayne, A,(2003) Composites and advanced materials NASA, U, S, Centennialof flight commission
[11]	Swaine M. D, Beer T, (1977) Expolosive Seed dispersal in Huracrepitans New Phytologist, 78(3), 695-708.
[12]	Wermer H. J, A and Alters F. W. K, (1989) Small Scale Processing of Oil Fruits and Oil Seeds. Eshborn, Germany.
[13]	Otoikhian, S. K Aluyor E, O and Audu T. O. K (2016) Mechanical Extraction and Fuel Properties Evaluation of Huracrepitans seed oil. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology. Volume 11(6).
[14]	Bodger D.(1982) Investigation of the Extraction, Refining and Composition of Oil From Winged Bean (PSO, Phocarpus Tetragonolobus) Journal of American Oil Chemical Society, 59 (12) 523-30.
[15]	Alabi K. A., Lajide, L., Owolabi, B. J., (2013). Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Thevetia Peruviana and Huracrepitans Seed Oil Using GD-F. D Fountain. Journal of Natural and Applied Science. 2(2) 327.

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Ibeneme Uche, Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Umar Muhammad Hamis, Egwu Chinwe Euphemia, Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. (2018). The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 2(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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ACS Style

Ibeneme Uche; Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Umar Muhammad Hamis; Egwu Chinwe Euphemia; Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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AMA Style

Ibeneme Uche, Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Umar Muhammad Hamis, Egwu Chinwe Euphemia, Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2018;2(1):16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13,
  author = {Ibeneme Uche and Ejiogu Ibe Kevin and Umar Muhammad Hamis and Egwu Chinwe Euphemia and Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi and Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu},
  title = {The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  abstract = {Huracrepitan pod was the fibre material used for this research and unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. The huracrepitan pod was crushed with the aid of the Thomas-Willey laboratory mill machine, model 4 and was sieved using a standard sieve of 250 µm. The crushed huracrepitan pod was then soaked in a standard solution of 20% Sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours and washed with distilled water. It was later dried in the oven for an hour for final removal of moisture. I00 g of unsaturated polyester resin was reinforced with huracrepitan pod particles of filler loadings of 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g., while 90 g, 80 g, 70 g and 60 g of unsaturated polyester resin were reinforced with 20 g, 30 g and 40 g huracrepitan pod.The composites obtained were cut into dumbbell shapes and characterized to assess their performance. The hardness was enhanced to the maximum of 99.00 Shore A at 40% filler loading the percentage water absorption was found to be 0.3g. Pure unsaturated polyester resin recorded hardness of 94.67 Shore A, and water absorption of 0.30g and the percentage elongation optimum was found to be 15% at 40% filler loading and 2.5% at 0% filler loading. The results indicated that the use of huracrepitan pod particles as reinforcement can enhance the properties of polyester composites. It was observed that the samples with the highest filler loading absorbed more impact energy and also increased the elongation percentage. The application of Huracrepitan pod as filler in this work improved the mechanical properties of the thermosetting polymer.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application
AU  - Ibeneme Uche
AU  - Ejiogu Ibe Kevin
AU  - Umar Muhammad Hamis
AU  - Egwu Chinwe Euphemia
AU  - Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi
AU  - Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu
Y1  - 2018/09/12
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 16
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
AB  - Huracrepitan pod was the fibre material used for this research and unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. The huracrepitan pod was crushed with the aid of the Thomas-Willey laboratory mill machine, model 4 and was sieved using a standard sieve of 250 µm. The crushed huracrepitan pod was then soaked in a standard solution of 20% Sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours and washed with distilled water. It was later dried in the oven for an hour for final removal of moisture. I00 g of unsaturated polyester resin was reinforced with huracrepitan pod particles of filler loadings of 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g., while 90 g, 80 g, 70 g and 60 g of unsaturated polyester resin were reinforced with 20 g, 30 g and 40 g huracrepitan pod.The composites obtained were cut into dumbbell shapes and characterized to assess their performance. The hardness was enhanced to the maximum of 99.00 Shore A at 40% filler loading the percentage water absorption was found to be 0.3g. Pure unsaturated polyester resin recorded hardness of 94.67 Shore A, and water absorption of 0.30g and the percentage elongation optimum was found to be 15% at 40% filler loading and 2.5% at 0% filler loading. The results indicated that the use of huracrepitan pod particles as reinforcement can enhance the properties of polyester composites. It was observed that the samples with the highest filler loading absorbed more impact energy and also increased the elongation percentage. The application of Huracrepitan pod as filler in this work improved the mechanical properties of the thermosetting polymer.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ibeneme Uche

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Ejiogu Ibe Kevin

Directorate of Research and Development, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Umar Muhammad Hamis

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Egwu Chinwe Euphemia

Department of Science laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu

Department of Polymer Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ibeneme Uche, Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Umar Muhammad Hamis, Egwu Chinwe Euphemia, Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. (2018). The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 2(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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ACS Style

Ibeneme Uche; Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Umar Muhammad Hamis; Egwu Chinwe Euphemia; Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2018, 2(1), 16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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AMA Style

Ibeneme Uche, Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Umar Muhammad Hamis, Egwu Chinwe Euphemia, Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi, et al. The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2018;2(1):16-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13,
  author = {Ibeneme Uche and Ejiogu Ibe Kevin and Umar Muhammad Hamis and Egwu Chinwe Euphemia and Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi and Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu},
  title = {The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20180201.13},
  abstract = {Huracrepitan pod was the fibre material used for this research and unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. The huracrepitan pod was crushed with the aid of the Thomas-Willey laboratory mill machine, model 4 and was sieved using a standard sieve of 250 µm. The crushed huracrepitan pod was then soaked in a standard solution of 20% Sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours and washed with distilled water. It was later dried in the oven for an hour for final removal of moisture. I00 g of unsaturated polyester resin was reinforced with huracrepitan pod particles of filler loadings of 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g., while 90 g, 80 g, 70 g and 60 g of unsaturated polyester resin were reinforced with 20 g, 30 g and 40 g huracrepitan pod.The composites obtained were cut into dumbbell shapes and characterized to assess their performance. The hardness was enhanced to the maximum of 99.00 Shore A at 40% filler loading the percentage water absorption was found to be 0.3g. Pure unsaturated polyester resin recorded hardness of 94.67 Shore A, and water absorption of 0.30g and the percentage elongation optimum was found to be 15% at 40% filler loading and 2.5% at 0% filler loading. The results indicated that the use of huracrepitan pod particles as reinforcement can enhance the properties of polyester composites. It was observed that the samples with the highest filler loading absorbed more impact energy and also increased the elongation percentage. The application of Huracrepitan pod as filler in this work improved the mechanical properties of the thermosetting polymer.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Huracrepitan Pod for Wall Tiles Application
AU  - Ibeneme Uche
AU  - Ejiogu Ibe Kevin
AU  - Umar Muhammad Hamis
AU  - Egwu Chinwe Euphemia
AU  - Aiyejegbara Mosunmade Olukemi
AU  - Ugbaja Michael Ifeayichukwu
Y1  - 2018/09/12
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 16
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20180201.13
AB  - Huracrepitan pod was the fibre material used for this research and unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. The huracrepitan pod was crushed with the aid of the Thomas-Willey laboratory mill machine, model 4 and was sieved using a standard sieve of 250 µm. The crushed huracrepitan pod was then soaked in a standard solution of 20% Sodium Hydroxide for 24 hours and washed with distilled water. It was later dried in the oven for an hour for final removal of moisture. I00 g of unsaturated polyester resin was reinforced with huracrepitan pod particles of filler loadings of 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g., while 90 g, 80 g, 70 g and 60 g of unsaturated polyester resin were reinforced with 20 g, 30 g and 40 g huracrepitan pod.The composites obtained were cut into dumbbell shapes and characterized to assess their performance. The hardness was enhanced to the maximum of 99.00 Shore A at 40% filler loading the percentage water absorption was found to be 0.3g. Pure unsaturated polyester resin recorded hardness of 94.67 Shore A, and water absorption of 0.30g and the percentage elongation optimum was found to be 15% at 40% filler loading and 2.5% at 0% filler loading. The results indicated that the use of huracrepitan pod particles as reinforcement can enhance the properties of polyester composites. It was observed that the samples with the highest filler loading absorbed more impact energy and also increased the elongation percentage. The application of Huracrepitan pod as filler in this work improved the mechanical properties of the thermosetting polymer.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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