Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins

Luka Atwok Opio Awata; Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo; Nathan Aliel Kachiguma; Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba; Isaac Kumaga Asante

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins

Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 19 July 2020 Accepted: 3 August 2020 Published: 11 December 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
Page(s)	18-30
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Protein Structure, Amino Acid, Polypeptide, Gene

References

[1]	Shu J. J., A new integrated symmetrical table for genetic codes, BioSystems, 2017. 151: p. 21-26.
[2]	Pierce, P., Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 2nd Editio, H. W Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 2006.
[3]	Griffiths, A., et al., Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 8th Ed., W. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 2005.
[4]	Hermanson, G., Bioconjugate Techniques, Secon Ed., Academic Press, Illinois, USA, 2008.
[5]	Lodish, H., et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 5th Editio, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, 2004.
[6]	Weaver, R. F., Molecular Biology, 2nd Editio, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Kansas, USA, 2004.
[7]	Sadava, D., et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 8th Editio, W. H. Freeman, Sinauer, USA, 2008.
[8]	Schleif, R., Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2nd Editio, The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore, London, UK, 1993.
[9]	Jeff, H., B. Gregory, J. Lewis, Becker’s World of the Cell, Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, USA, 2018.
[10]	Nieto, C., et al., An eIF4E allele confers resistance to an uncapped and non-polyadenylated RNA virus in melon, 2006. p. 452–462.
[11]	Janin, J., R. P. Bahadur, P. Chakrabarti, Protein-protein interaction and quaternary structure, Q. Rev. Biophys, 2008. 41: p. 133–180.
[12]	Dimmock, N. J., A. J. Easton, K. N. Leppard, Introduction to Modern Virology, Sixth Edit, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Malden, MA, USA, 2007. doi: 10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.
[13]	Pandey, G., et al., Computational Approaches for Protein Function Prediction: A Survey, Access. (2006). doi: 10.1.1.120.385.
[14]	Silver, M., J. Denburg, and J. Steffens, Specrophotometric Deteemination of the Kietics of the Pepsin-Catalyzed Hybrolysis of Certain Dipeptide Substrates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965. 87: p. 882–886.
[15]	Yura, K., and M. Go, Correlation between amino acid residues converted by RNA editing and functional residues in protein three-dimensional structures in plant organelles, BMC Plant Biol., 2008. 8: p. 1–11.
[16]	Soll, D., and U. RajBhandary, tRNA Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function, 1st Editio, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC., 1995.
[17]	Nirenberg, M. W., and P. Leder, The effect of trinucleotides upon the binding of sRNA to ribosomes, Science, 1964. 145: p. 1399–1407.
[18]	Cann, A., Principles of moleular virology, 4th Editio, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
[19]	Rould, A., Structure of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase complex with tRNAGln and ATP at 28A resolution, Science, 1989. 245: p. 1135–1142.
[20]	Crick, F. h. C., Codon-anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis, J. Mol. Biol., 1966. 19: p. 548–555.
[21]	Schimmel, P., Parameters for the molecular recognition of tRNAs, Biochemiistry, 1989. 28: p. 2747–2759.
[22]	Hvidsten, T. R., et al., A comprehensive analysis of the structure-function relationship in proteins based on local structure similarity, PLoS One, 2009. 4.
[23]	Lucas, W. J., Plant viral movement proteins: Agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes, 2006. 344: p. 169–184.
[24]	Y. He, Y., et al., Comparisons of structurally homologous CheY-like proteins, PNAS, 2017. 114.
[25]	Carter, J., and V. Saunders, Virology: Principles and applications, John Wiley and Sons, Liverpool, UK, 2007.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. (2020). Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 4(2), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata; Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo; Nathan Aliel Kachiguma; Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba; Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2020, 4(2), 18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2020;4(2):18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11,
  author = {Luka Atwok Opio Awata and Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo and Nathan Aliel Kachiguma and Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba and Isaac Kumaga Asante},
  title = {Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  abstract = {Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins
AU  - Luka Atwok Opio Awata
AU  - Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo
AU  - Nathan Aliel Kachiguma
AU  - Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba
AU  - Isaac Kumaga Asante
Y1  - 2020/12/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 18
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
AB  - Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Luka Atwok Opio Awata

Directorate of Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Juba, South Sudan
Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo

Environmental Institute of Agricultural Research (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Nathan Aliel Kachiguma

Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lunyangwa Agriculture Research Station, Mzuzu, Malawi
Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba

Department of Root and Tuber Crops, Togolese Agricultural Research Institute (ITRA), Lomé, Togo
Isaac Kumaga Asante

West Africa Center for Crop Improvement (WACCI), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. (2020). Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 4(2), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata; Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo; Nathan Aliel Kachiguma; Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba; Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2020, 4(2), 18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Luka Atwok Opio Awata, Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo, Nathan Aliel Kachiguma, Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba, Isaac Kumaga Asante. Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins. Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2020;4(2):18-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11,
  author = {Luka Atwok Opio Awata and Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo and Nathan Aliel Kachiguma and Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba and Isaac Kumaga Asante},
  title = {Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-30},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20200402.11},
  abstract = {Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Perspective of the Chemical Signature of Life: The Structure and Function of Proteins
AU  - Luka Atwok Opio Awata
AU  - Adelaide Pingdewinde Ouedraogo
AU  - Nathan Aliel Kachiguma
AU  - Tighankoumi Junior Gmakouba
AU  - Isaac Kumaga Asante
Y1  - 2020/12/11
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 18
EP  - 30
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20200402.11
AB  - Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download