Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes

Olubajo Olumide Olu; Osha Odey Ade; Abubakar Jibril

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes

Olubajo Olumide Olu, Osha Odey Ade, Abubakar Jibril

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 2 September 2020 Accepted: 18 September 2020 Published: 28 September 2020

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Abstract

This paper investigates the potentials of replacing cement with Locust beans pod ash (LBPA) and Eggshell ash (ESA) on the setting time properties of cement blends such as consistency and initial and final setting times. It also covers a comparative analysis on consistency and setting time results of the cement blends and control. The consistency and setting times of control and twenty-eight (28) cement blends were conducted via Vicat apparatus and Toniest machine respectively according to ASTM standards. The locust bean pod and eggshell powder were calcined at 850°C and 500°C for 1 hour respectively to obtain the LBPA and ESA. Results indicated a variation in the water consistencies of cement blended with either/both ashes at various LBPA/LBPA-ESA ratios as cement replacement was increased from 0-10 wt.%. The increase in the water consistencies could be attributed to the diminution of C₃S in cement, the unburnt carbon present in the ashes coupled with the porous nature of LBPA and narrower particle size distributions of the cement blends. Whereas, the decrease in the water consistency could be linked with wider particle size distribution. The initial setting times of LBPA cement blends experienced a series of retardations and acceleration while the final setting time experienced a series of accelerations and elongations as the cement replacement was increased. On the other hand, as the cement replacement level was increased, the initial and final setting time of ESA cement blends experienced a retardation followed by accelerations and a series of accelerations and retardations respectively. Similarly, the replacement of ESA with LBPA at various cement replacement led to a variation in both setting times (series of accelerations and retardations) of cement blends. The retardation in the setting times could be linked to the diminution of clinker content or formation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)₂, the presence of unburnt carbon in ashes and narrower particle size distribution of the cement blends while the acceleration of the setting times are related to interaction between tricalcium aluminate and limestone to favor ettringite at the expense of monosulfate and a wider particle size distribution of the cement blends. Most of the setting time results for cement blends except 7.5 and 10 wt.% LBPA cement blends were higher than control and all the cement blends were found to fall within standards for various applications.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
Page(s)	103-111
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Locust Bean Pod Ash, Eggshell Ash, Consistency, Setting Time, Cement Blends

References

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[2]	Dave, N., Misra, A. K., Srivastava, A. and Kaushik, S. K. (2016) Setting time and standard consistency of quaternary binders: The influence of cementitious material addition and mixing, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment. 1-7.
[3]	Snelson D., Wild S., O’Farrel, M. (2011). Setting times of portland cement – metakaolin-fly ash blends. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 17 (1), 55– 62.
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[14]	Mtallib, M., and Rabiu, A. (2009). Effects of eggshells ash (ESA) on the setting time of cement. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 28 (2), 29–38.
[15]	BS 12 (1991). Specification for portland cement, British Standard Institution.
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[28]	Iorshagher, A. S., Ocholi, A., Hassan, U. (2019). Properties of concrete using limestone dust and locust bean pod ash. Master Progress Seminar. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
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[30]	Cordeiro, G. C., Toledo, F., R. D., Tavares, L. M., and Fairbairn, E. M. R. (2012). Experimental characterization of binary and ternary blended-cement concretes containing ultrafine residual rice husk and sugar cane bagasse ashes. Construction and Building Materials, 29, 641-646.
[31]	Detwiler, R. J. (1995). Effects on cement of high efficiency separators, Research and Development Bulletin RD110T, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois.

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APA Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu, Osha Odey Ade, Abubakar Jibril. (2020). Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 8(5), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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ACS Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu; Osha Odey Ade; Abubakar Jibril. Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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AMA Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu, Osha Odey Ade, Abubakar Jibril. Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. Am J Chem Eng. 2020;8(5):103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11,
  author = {Olubajo Olumide Olu and Osha Odey Ade and Abubakar Jibril},
  title = {Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {103-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20200805.11},
  abstract = {This paper investigates the potentials of replacing cement with Locust beans pod ash (LBPA) and Eggshell ash (ESA) on the setting time properties of cement blends such as consistency and initial and final setting times. It also covers a comparative analysis on consistency and setting time results of the cement blends and control. The consistency and setting times of control and twenty-eight (28) cement blends were conducted via Vicat apparatus and Toniest machine respectively according to ASTM standards. The locust bean pod and eggshell powder were calcined at 850°C and 500°C for 1 hour respectively to obtain the LBPA and ESA. Results indicated a variation in the water consistencies of cement blended with either/both ashes at various LBPA/LBPA-ESA ratios as cement replacement was increased from 0-10 wt.%. The increase in the water consistencies could be attributed to the diminution of C3S in cement, the unburnt carbon present in the ashes coupled with the porous nature of LBPA and narrower particle size distributions of the cement blends. Whereas, the decrease in the water consistency could be linked with wider particle size distribution. The initial setting times of LBPA cement blends experienced a series of retardations and acceleration while the final setting time experienced a series of accelerations and elongations as the cement replacement was increased. On the other hand, as the cement replacement level was increased, the initial and final setting time of ESA cement blends experienced a retardation followed by accelerations and a series of accelerations and retardations respectively. Similarly, the replacement of ESA with LBPA at various cement replacement led to a variation in both setting times (series of accelerations and retardations) of cement blends. The retardation in the setting times could be linked to the diminution of clinker content or formation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, the presence of unburnt carbon in ashes and narrower particle size distribution of the cement blends while the acceleration of the setting times are related to interaction between tricalcium aluminate and limestone to favor ettringite at the expense of monosulfate and a wider particle size distribution of the cement blends. Most of the setting time results for cement blends except 7.5 and 10 wt.% LBPA cement blends were higher than control and all the cement blends were found to fall within standards for various applications.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes
AU  - Olubajo Olumide Olu
AU  - Osha Odey Ade
AU  - Abubakar Jibril
Y1  - 2020/09/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
AB  - This paper investigates the potentials of replacing cement with Locust beans pod ash (LBPA) and Eggshell ash (ESA) on the setting time properties of cement blends such as consistency and initial and final setting times. It also covers a comparative analysis on consistency and setting time results of the cement blends and control. The consistency and setting times of control and twenty-eight (28) cement blends were conducted via Vicat apparatus and Toniest machine respectively according to ASTM standards. The locust bean pod and eggshell powder were calcined at 850°C and 500°C for 1 hour respectively to obtain the LBPA and ESA. Results indicated a variation in the water consistencies of cement blended with either/both ashes at various LBPA/LBPA-ESA ratios as cement replacement was increased from 0-10 wt.%. The increase in the water consistencies could be attributed to the diminution of C3S in cement, the unburnt carbon present in the ashes coupled with the porous nature of LBPA and narrower particle size distributions of the cement blends. Whereas, the decrease in the water consistency could be linked with wider particle size distribution. The initial setting times of LBPA cement blends experienced a series of retardations and acceleration while the final setting time experienced a series of accelerations and elongations as the cement replacement was increased. On the other hand, as the cement replacement level was increased, the initial and final setting time of ESA cement blends experienced a retardation followed by accelerations and a series of accelerations and retardations respectively. Similarly, the replacement of ESA with LBPA at various cement replacement led to a variation in both setting times (series of accelerations and retardations) of cement blends. The retardation in the setting times could be linked to the diminution of clinker content or formation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, the presence of unburnt carbon in ashes and narrower particle size distribution of the cement blends while the acceleration of the setting times are related to interaction between tricalcium aluminate and limestone to favor ettringite at the expense of monosulfate and a wider particle size distribution of the cement blends. Most of the setting time results for cement blends except 7.5 and 10 wt.% LBPA cement blends were higher than control and all the cement blends were found to fall within standards for various applications.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Olubajo Olumide Olu

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Osha Odey Ade

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Calabar, Rivers, Nigeria
Abubakar Jibril

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu, Osha Odey Ade, Abubakar Jibril. (2020). Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 8(5), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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ACS Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu; Osha Odey Ade; Abubakar Jibril. Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

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AMA Style

Olubajo Olumide Olu, Osha Odey Ade, Abubakar Jibril. Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes. Am J Chem Eng. 2020;8(5):103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11,
  author = {Olubajo Olumide Olu and Osha Odey Ade and Abubakar Jibril},
  title = {Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {103-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20200805.11},
  abstract = {This paper investigates the potentials of replacing cement with Locust beans pod ash (LBPA) and Eggshell ash (ESA) on the setting time properties of cement blends such as consistency and initial and final setting times. It also covers a comparative analysis on consistency and setting time results of the cement blends and control. The consistency and setting times of control and twenty-eight (28) cement blends were conducted via Vicat apparatus and Toniest machine respectively according to ASTM standards. The locust bean pod and eggshell powder were calcined at 850°C and 500°C for 1 hour respectively to obtain the LBPA and ESA. Results indicated a variation in the water consistencies of cement blended with either/both ashes at various LBPA/LBPA-ESA ratios as cement replacement was increased from 0-10 wt.%. The increase in the water consistencies could be attributed to the diminution of C3S in cement, the unburnt carbon present in the ashes coupled with the porous nature of LBPA and narrower particle size distributions of the cement blends. Whereas, the decrease in the water consistency could be linked with wider particle size distribution. The initial setting times of LBPA cement blends experienced a series of retardations and acceleration while the final setting time experienced a series of accelerations and elongations as the cement replacement was increased. On the other hand, as the cement replacement level was increased, the initial and final setting time of ESA cement blends experienced a retardation followed by accelerations and a series of accelerations and retardations respectively. Similarly, the replacement of ESA with LBPA at various cement replacement led to a variation in both setting times (series of accelerations and retardations) of cement blends. The retardation in the setting times could be linked to the diminution of clinker content or formation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, the presence of unburnt carbon in ashes and narrower particle size distribution of the cement blends while the acceleration of the setting times are related to interaction between tricalcium aluminate and limestone to favor ettringite at the expense of monosulfate and a wider particle size distribution of the cement blends. Most of the setting time results for cement blends except 7.5 and 10 wt.% LBPA cement blends were higher than control and all the cement blends were found to fall within standards for various applications.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Setting Times of Portland Cement Blended with Locust Bean Pod and Eggshell Ashes
AU  - Olubajo Olumide Olu
AU  - Osha Odey Ade
AU  - Abubakar Jibril
Y1  - 2020/09/28
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8613
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200805.11
AB  - This paper investigates the potentials of replacing cement with Locust beans pod ash (LBPA) and Eggshell ash (ESA) on the setting time properties of cement blends such as consistency and initial and final setting times. It also covers a comparative analysis on consistency and setting time results of the cement blends and control. The consistency and setting times of control and twenty-eight (28) cement blends were conducted via Vicat apparatus and Toniest machine respectively according to ASTM standards. The locust bean pod and eggshell powder were calcined at 850°C and 500°C for 1 hour respectively to obtain the LBPA and ESA. Results indicated a variation in the water consistencies of cement blended with either/both ashes at various LBPA/LBPA-ESA ratios as cement replacement was increased from 0-10 wt.%. The increase in the water consistencies could be attributed to the diminution of C3S in cement, the unburnt carbon present in the ashes coupled with the porous nature of LBPA and narrower particle size distributions of the cement blends. Whereas, the decrease in the water consistency could be linked with wider particle size distribution. The initial setting times of LBPA cement blends experienced a series of retardations and acceleration while the final setting time experienced a series of accelerations and elongations as the cement replacement was increased. On the other hand, as the cement replacement level was increased, the initial and final setting time of ESA cement blends experienced a retardation followed by accelerations and a series of accelerations and retardations respectively. Similarly, the replacement of ESA with LBPA at various cement replacement led to a variation in both setting times (series of accelerations and retardations) of cement blends. The retardation in the setting times could be linked to the diminution of clinker content or formation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, the presence of unburnt carbon in ashes and narrower particle size distribution of the cement blends while the acceleration of the setting times are related to interaction between tricalcium aluminate and limestone to favor ettringite at the expense of monosulfate and a wider particle size distribution of the cement blends. Most of the setting time results for cement blends except 7.5 and 10 wt.% LBPA cement blends were higher than control and all the cement blends were found to fall within standards for various applications.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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