Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) exposures to humans are sometimes from water bodies, which may damage the liver, kidneys, reproductive and developmental systems, immune, nervous, cardiovascular systems and can pass from the lungs to the bloodstream thereby affecting the oxygen carrying ability of the blood. As a result, this research seeks to produce a distinct activated carbon (AC) from Balanite aegyptiaca fruit endocarp (BAE) and Martynia annua fruits (MAF) via 4 methodological steps including reagent preparation, feedstock impregnation, carbonization and chemical activation using KOH at 600°C, to adsorbed Pb and Hg ions (Pb2+ & Hg2+) from an artificially prepared aqueous water solution. Proximate analysis, especially a fixed carbon and carbon yield contents of 97.68 and 87.62% for BAE and 94.94 and 91.97% for MAF initially reveals the potentials of the raw materials for AC production. Apart from 0.0017 equal porosity of ACs generated that portrays a low adsorption effect, surface areas of 1015.37 and 1080.15 m2/g for BAE-AC and MAF-AC respectively, are high and within the standard range. Flow controllers to release the solution whose initial metallic ion concentration is 0.313 g/mL, was made to operate at 1.67, 4.2, 7.42, 9.86, 11.56 and 13.33 mL/s in a locally built 13cm bed height continuous fixed-bed column. Findings shows that breakthrough curves from Bohart-Adams model and the purely empirical Freundlich isotherm parameters collectively signals a great potential of BAE and MAF for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+, making their ACs a viable resource for purifying contaminated water.
| Published in | American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11 |
| Page(s) | 102-116 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Activated Carbon, Balanite aegyptiaca, Martynia annua, Breakthrough Curves, Adsorption Column
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APA Style
Abubakar, A. M., Luka, Y., Lebnebiso, J. S., David, A., Arowo, M. N. (2023). Martynia annua and Balanite Endocarp Activated Carbons to Remove Hg2+ and Pb2+ in Prepared Solutions Using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(6), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11
ACS Style
Abubakar, A. M.; Luka, Y.; Lebnebiso, J. S.; David, A.; Arowo, M. N. Martynia annua and Balanite Endocarp Activated Carbons to Remove Hg2+ and Pb2+ in Prepared Solutions Using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 102-116. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11
AMA Style
Abubakar AM, Luka Y, Lebnebiso JS, David A, Arowo MN. Martynia annua and Balanite Endocarp Activated Carbons to Remove Hg2+ and Pb2+ in Prepared Solutions Using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column. Am J Chem Eng. 2023;11(6):102-116. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11,
author = {Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar and Yusufu Luka and John Sylvester Lebnebiso and Abuh David and Moses NyoTonglo Arowo},
title = {Martynia annua and Balanite Endocarp Activated Carbons to Remove Hg2+ and Pb2+ in Prepared Solutions Using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column},
journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {102-116},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20231106.11},
abstract = {Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) exposures to humans are sometimes from water bodies, which may damage the liver, kidneys, reproductive and developmental systems, immune, nervous, cardiovascular systems and can pass from the lungs to the bloodstream thereby affecting the oxygen carrying ability of the blood. As a result, this research seeks to produce a distinct activated carbon (AC) from Balanite aegyptiaca fruit endocarp (BAE) and Martynia annua fruits (MAF) via 4 methodological steps including reagent preparation, feedstock impregnation, carbonization and chemical activation using KOH at 600°C, to adsorbed Pb and Hg ions (Pb2+ & Hg2+) from an artificially prepared aqueous water solution. Proximate analysis, especially a fixed carbon and carbon yield contents of 97.68 and 87.62% for BAE and 94.94 and 91.97% for MAF initially reveals the potentials of the raw materials for AC production. Apart from 0.0017 equal porosity of ACs generated that portrays a low adsorption effect, surface areas of 1015.37 and 1080.15 m2/g for BAE-AC and MAF-AC respectively, are high and within the standard range. Flow controllers to release the solution whose initial metallic ion concentration is 0.313 g/mL, was made to operate at 1.67, 4.2, 7.42, 9.86, 11.56 and 13.33 mL/s in a locally built 13cm bed height continuous fixed-bed column. Findings shows that breakthrough curves from Bohart-Adams model and the purely empirical Freundlich isotherm parameters collectively signals a great potential of BAE and MAF for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+, making their ACs a viable resource for purifying contaminated water.
},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Martynia annua and Balanite Endocarp Activated Carbons to Remove Hg2+ and Pb2+ in Prepared Solutions Using Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column AU - Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar AU - Yusufu Luka AU - John Sylvester Lebnebiso AU - Abuh David AU - Moses NyoTonglo Arowo Y1 - 2023/12/26 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11 T2 - American Journal of Chemical Engineering JF - American Journal of Chemical Engineering JO - American Journal of Chemical Engineering SP - 102 EP - 116 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8613 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20231106.11 AB - Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) exposures to humans are sometimes from water bodies, which may damage the liver, kidneys, reproductive and developmental systems, immune, nervous, cardiovascular systems and can pass from the lungs to the bloodstream thereby affecting the oxygen carrying ability of the blood. As a result, this research seeks to produce a distinct activated carbon (AC) from Balanite aegyptiaca fruit endocarp (BAE) and Martynia annua fruits (MAF) via 4 methodological steps including reagent preparation, feedstock impregnation, carbonization and chemical activation using KOH at 600°C, to adsorbed Pb and Hg ions (Pb2+ & Hg2+) from an artificially prepared aqueous water solution. Proximate analysis, especially a fixed carbon and carbon yield contents of 97.68 and 87.62% for BAE and 94.94 and 91.97% for MAF initially reveals the potentials of the raw materials for AC production. Apart from 0.0017 equal porosity of ACs generated that portrays a low adsorption effect, surface areas of 1015.37 and 1080.15 m2/g for BAE-AC and MAF-AC respectively, are high and within the standard range. Flow controllers to release the solution whose initial metallic ion concentration is 0.313 g/mL, was made to operate at 1.67, 4.2, 7.42, 9.86, 11.56 and 13.33 mL/s in a locally built 13cm bed height continuous fixed-bed column. Findings shows that breakthrough curves from Bohart-Adams model and the purely empirical Freundlich isotherm parameters collectively signals a great potential of BAE and MAF for the adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+, making their ACs a viable resource for purifying contaminated water. VL - 11 IS - 6 ER -
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University (MAU), Yola, Nigeria
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