Responses of the Whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides

Hail Kamel Shannag; Malak Saleh Al-Haj; John Lowell Capinera

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides

Hail Kamel Shannag, Malak Saleh Al-Haj, John Lowell Capinera

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 4 October 2018 Accepted: 19 October 2018 Published: 10 November 2018

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Abstract

The effects of three bio-insecticides Azatrol [neem: 1.2% azadirachtin A and B], Molt-X [neem: 3% azadirachtin], and Conserve SC [spinosad; 11.6% spinosyn A and spinosyn D], applied at different concentrations were evaluated on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that both neem-based insecticides were repellent to adult whiteflies in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts and frequency of honeydew excretion were significantly reduced up to 0.95 by foliar application of these insecticides at the labeled rate, as compared to untreated plants, with the neem products displaying greater effects on food uptake than spinosad. Reduced fecundity and egg hatch also were associated with these bio-insecticides. The bio-insecticides decreased significantly the survival of nymphs, egg hatch and adult emergence when applied systemically via the roots. However, the impacts of neem-based insecticides on all parameters tested were greater than that of spinosad. The results indicate that the biologically based formulations tested were effective in suppressing whitefly abundance and acting as an efficient repellent, though they were not able to completely inhibit food intake. The repellent and antifeedant activities of such natural products render plants unattractive to B. tabaci, thus potentially reducing the incidence of viral diseases transmitted by this pest. The systemic properties of these formulated biopesticides minimize their rapid degradation by strong ultraviolet light and their adverse effects on non-target organisms.

Published in	American Journal of Entomology (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
Page(s)	28-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, Biopesticides, Cucumber, Azadirachtin

References

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APA Style

Hail Kamel Shannag, Malak Saleh Al-Haj, John Lowell Capinera. (2018). Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. American Journal of Entomology, 2(3), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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ACS Style

Hail Kamel Shannag; Malak Saleh Al-Haj; John Lowell Capinera. Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. Am. J. Entomol. 2018, 2(3), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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AMA Style

Hail Kamel Shannag, Malak Saleh Al-Haj, John Lowell Capinera. Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. Am J Entomol. 2018;2(3):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12,
  author = {Hail Kamel Shannag and Malak Saleh Al-Haj and John Lowell Capinera},
  title = {Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20180203.12},
  abstract = {The effects of three bio-insecticides Azatrol [neem: 1.2% azadirachtin A and B], Molt-X [neem: 3% azadirachtin], and Conserve SC [spinosad; 11.6% spinosyn A and spinosyn D], applied at different concentrations were evaluated on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that both neem-based insecticides were repellent to adult whiteflies in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts and frequency of honeydew excretion were significantly reduced up to 0.95 by foliar application of these insecticides at the labeled rate, as compared to untreated plants, with the neem products displaying greater effects on food uptake than spinosad. Reduced fecundity and egg hatch also were associated with these bio-insecticides. The bio-insecticides decreased significantly the survival of nymphs, egg hatch and adult emergence when applied systemically via the roots. However, the impacts of neem-based insecticides on all parameters tested were greater than that of spinosad. The results indicate that the biologically based formulations tested were effective in suppressing whitefly abundance and acting as an efficient repellent, though they were not able to completely inhibit food intake. The repellent and antifeedant activities of such natural products render plants unattractive to B. tabaci, thus potentially reducing the incidence of viral diseases transmitted by this pest. The systemic properties of these formulated biopesticides minimize their rapid degradation by strong ultraviolet light and their adverse effects on non-target organisms.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides
AU  - Hail Kamel Shannag
AU  - Malak Saleh Al-Haj
AU  - John Lowell Capinera
Y1  - 2018/11/10
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
AB  - The effects of three bio-insecticides Azatrol [neem: 1.2% azadirachtin A and B], Molt-X [neem: 3% azadirachtin], and Conserve SC [spinosad; 11.6% spinosyn A and spinosyn D], applied at different concentrations were evaluated on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that both neem-based insecticides were repellent to adult whiteflies in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts and frequency of honeydew excretion were significantly reduced up to 0.95 by foliar application of these insecticides at the labeled rate, as compared to untreated plants, with the neem products displaying greater effects on food uptake than spinosad. Reduced fecundity and egg hatch also were associated with these bio-insecticides. The bio-insecticides decreased significantly the survival of nymphs, egg hatch and adult emergence when applied systemically via the roots. However, the impacts of neem-based insecticides on all parameters tested were greater than that of spinosad. The results indicate that the biologically based formulations tested were effective in suppressing whitefly abundance and acting as an efficient repellent, though they were not able to completely inhibit food intake. The repellent and antifeedant activities of such natural products render plants unattractive to B. tabaci, thus potentially reducing the incidence of viral diseases transmitted by this pest. The systemic properties of these formulated biopesticides minimize their rapid degradation by strong ultraviolet light and their adverse effects on non-target organisms.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Hail Kamel Shannag

Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Malak Saleh Al-Haj

Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
John Lowell Capinera

Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States

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Hail Kamel Shannag, Malak Saleh Al-Haj, John Lowell Capinera. (2018). Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. American Journal of Entomology, 2(3), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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ACS Style

Hail Kamel Shannag; Malak Saleh Al-Haj; John Lowell Capinera. Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. Am. J. Entomol. 2018, 2(3), 28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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AMA Style

Hail Kamel Shannag, Malak Saleh Al-Haj, John Lowell Capinera. Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides. Am J Entomol. 2018;2(3):28-35. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12,
  author = {Hail Kamel Shannag and Malak Saleh Al-Haj and John Lowell Capinera},
  title = {Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {28-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20180203.12},
  abstract = {The effects of three bio-insecticides Azatrol [neem: 1.2% azadirachtin A and B], Molt-X [neem: 3% azadirachtin], and Conserve SC [spinosad; 11.6% spinosyn A and spinosyn D], applied at different concentrations were evaluated on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that both neem-based insecticides were repellent to adult whiteflies in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts and frequency of honeydew excretion were significantly reduced up to 0.95 by foliar application of these insecticides at the labeled rate, as compared to untreated plants, with the neem products displaying greater effects on food uptake than spinosad. Reduced fecundity and egg hatch also were associated with these bio-insecticides. The bio-insecticides decreased significantly the survival of nymphs, egg hatch and adult emergence when applied systemically via the roots. However, the impacts of neem-based insecticides on all parameters tested were greater than that of spinosad. The results indicate that the biologically based formulations tested were effective in suppressing whitefly abundance and acting as an efficient repellent, though they were not able to completely inhibit food intake. The repellent and antifeedant activities of such natural products render plants unattractive to B. tabaci, thus potentially reducing the incidence of viral diseases transmitted by this pest. The systemic properties of these formulated biopesticides minimize their rapid degradation by strong ultraviolet light and their adverse effects on non-target organisms.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Responses of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Biologically Based Insecticides
AU  - Hail Kamel Shannag
AU  - Malak Saleh Al-Haj
AU  - John Lowell Capinera
Y1  - 2018/11/10
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180203.12
AB  - The effects of three bio-insecticides Azatrol [neem: 1.2% azadirachtin A and B], Molt-X [neem: 3% azadirachtin], and Conserve SC [spinosad; 11.6% spinosyn A and spinosyn D], applied at different concentrations were evaluated on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that both neem-based insecticides were repellent to adult whiteflies in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts and frequency of honeydew excretion were significantly reduced up to 0.95 by foliar application of these insecticides at the labeled rate, as compared to untreated plants, with the neem products displaying greater effects on food uptake than spinosad. Reduced fecundity and egg hatch also were associated with these bio-insecticides. The bio-insecticides decreased significantly the survival of nymphs, egg hatch and adult emergence when applied systemically via the roots. However, the impacts of neem-based insecticides on all parameters tested were greater than that of spinosad. The results indicate that the biologically based formulations tested were effective in suppressing whitefly abundance and acting as an efficient repellent, though they were not able to completely inhibit food intake. The repellent and antifeedant activities of such natural products render plants unattractive to B. tabaci, thus potentially reducing the incidence of viral diseases transmitted by this pest. The systemic properties of these formulated biopesticides minimize their rapid degradation by strong ultraviolet light and their adverse effects on non-target organisms.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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