Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering

Hany M. Zamel; Essam El Diwany; Hadia El Hennawy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering

Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy

Published in American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 1, Issue 2)

Received: 3 August 2013 Published: 30 August 2013

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Abstract

Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.

Published in	American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
Page(s)	16-29
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Approximate Cloaking, Scattering by Spherical (Conducting, Dielectric) Bodies, Nonlinear Transformation

References

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Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. (2013). Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 1(2), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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ACS Style

Hany M. Zamel; Essam El Diwany; Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2013, 1(2), 16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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AMA Style

Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2013;1(2):16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11,
  author = {Hany M. Zamel and Essam El Diwany and Hadia El Hennawy},
  title = {Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20130102.11},
  abstract = {Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering
AU  - Hany M. Zamel
AU  - Essam El Diwany
AU  - Hadia El Hennawy
Y1  - 2013/08/30
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 16
EP  - 29
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
AB  - Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Hany M. Zamel

Electronics Research Institute – Microwave Engineering Dept.,Egypt
Essam El Diwany

Electronics Research Institute – Microwave Engineering Dept.,Egypt
Hadia El Hennawy

Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Egypt

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APA Style

Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. (2013). Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 1(2), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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ACS Style

Hany M. Zamel; Essam El Diwany; Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2013, 1(2), 16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

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AMA Style

Hany M. Zamel, Essam El Diwany, Hadia El Hennawy. Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2013;1(2):16-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11,
  author = {Hany M. Zamel and Essam El Diwany and Hadia El Hennawy},
  title = {Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20130102.11},
  abstract = {Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Approximate Electromagnetic Cloaking of Spherical Bodies Using Nonlinear Transformation with Improved Total Scattering
AU  - Hany M. Zamel
AU  - Essam El Diwany
AU  - Hadia El Hennawy
Y1  - 2013/08/30
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 16
EP  - 29
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20130102.11
AB  - Cloaking refers to hiding a body from detection by surrounding it with a coating consisting of an unusual anisotropic nonhomogeneous material. The permittivity and permeability of such a cloak are determined by the coordinate transformation of compressing a hidden body into a point or a line. In this work, the scattering properties of cloaked spherical bodies (conducting and dielectric) are investigated using a combination of approximate cloaking, where the conducting sphere is transformed into a small sphere rather than to a point, and using two types of nonlinear transformations; concave-up and concave-down. The radially-dependent spherical cloaking shell is approximately discretized into many homogeneous anisotropic layers, provided that the thickness of each layer is much less than the wavelength, and this discretization raises the level of scattering as the number of layers decreases. Each anisotropic layer can be replaced by a pair of equivalent isotropic sub-layers, where the effective medium approximation is used to find the parameters of these two equivalent sub-layers. The effect of nonlinearity in the coordinate transformation on the scattering performance is studied. The back-scattering normalized radar cross section, the scattering pattern are studied and the total scattering cross section against the frequency for different number of layers and transformed radius.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download