Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions

Nguyen Cong Thanh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions

Nguyen Cong Thanh

Published in American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 15 October 2016 Accepted: 9 November 2016 Published: 5 December 2016

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Abstract

Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

MD, Climate Change, Saltwater Intrusion, Agricultural Production Systems, Freshwater Zone, Brackish Water Zone, Saltwater Zone

References

[1]	Mạnh Trang (2013). Information on crop and livestock production in the Mekong River delta (Vietnamese), 3/7/2013. http://ptit.edu.vn/wps/portal/nongthonvn.
[2]	www.alotrip.com, (2014). Economy in Mekong River Delta Vietnam. http://www.alotrip.com/about-vietnam-economy/economy-mekong-river-delta Tue, 15 Jul 2014. Last updated Sun, 17 May 2015 06: 36.
[3]	Bingxin et al. (2010). Bingxin Yu, Tingju Zhu, Clemens Breisinger, Nguyen Manh Hai. Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Policy Options for Adaptation, The Case of Vietnam IFPRI Discussion Paper 01015.
[4]	www.vietnamplus.vn, 2016. Agriculture MD can be exhausted due to saltwater intrusion (Vietnamese), 14/03/2016 15: 01.
[5]	NASATI, 2016. http://www.vista.gov.vn, Salinity intrusion in the MD - the effective response measures in the context of climate change (Vietnamese). Update 13 April 2016
[6]	Decision Approving Plan responding to climate change, number 819/QĐ-BNN-KHCN, date 14/3/2016 of MARD (Vietnamese).
[7]	www.sggp.org.vn/thongtincanuoc/DBCuuLong/2016/3/413262. MD suffer from drought and salinity. Tuesday, 01/03/2016.
[8]	Anish Chatterjee. http://www.devalt.org/newsletter. Climate Change and Indian Agriculture. Vol. 13 No. 11 November 2003. Climate Change Special.
[9]	http://cdkn.org/2012/01/agriculture-and-climate-change-in-india. FEATURE: Agriculture and climate change in India. January 18, 2012.
[10]	Manas Ranjan Senapati, Bhagirathi Behera, Sruti Ranjan Mishra, (2013). Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture & Its Mitigating Priorities. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013 1 (4), pp 109-111. DOI: 10.12691/env-1-4-6.
[11]	Vietnam Rice Restructuring Strategy Towards 2020 and Vision to 2030, 2016. MARD.
[12]	Water Resource Directorate, 2016. Salinization in MD (2015 - 2016), drought in the Central Highlands and remedy solutions.
[13]	Asian Development Bank, (2011). Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study in the MD. TA Completion Reports. December 2011.
[14]	Asian Development Bank, (2011). Clone of Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study in the MD: Part A - Ca Mau Atlas. Consultants' Reports, December 2011.
[15]	Asian Development Bank, (2011). Consultants' Reports on Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study in the MD: Part A - Kien Giang Atlas (Vietnamese). Consultants' Reports, December 2011.

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Nguyen Cong Thanh. (2016). Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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ACS Style

Nguyen Cong Thanh. Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. Am. J. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2016, 1(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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AMA Style

Nguyen Cong Thanh. Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2016;1(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11,
  author = {Nguyen Cong Thanh},
  title = {Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajere.20160101.11},
  abstract = {Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions
AU  - Nguyen Cong Thanh
Y1  - 2016/12/05
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JF  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JO  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
AB  - Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Nguyen Cong Thanh

Department of Industrial Crops, Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam (IAS), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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APA Style

Nguyen Cong Thanh. (2016). Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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ACS Style

Nguyen Cong Thanh. Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. Am. J. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2016, 1(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

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AMA Style

Nguyen Cong Thanh. Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions. Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2016;1(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11,
  author = {Nguyen Cong Thanh},
  title = {Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajere.20160101.11},
  abstract = {Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions
AU  - Nguyen Cong Thanh
Y1  - 2016/12/05
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JF  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JO  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
AB  - Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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