The paper presents and facts and indicators of the Planet Earth capacity factor considering questions of existing human activities' safety and sustainability. These questions can be extended for advancing and developing our home planet without encountering a dilemma and future generations and civilization developments' sufferings because of our movements. In order to get positive answers to these questions, we definitely need to improve our technological skills. It might be an appropriate explanation to understand our current timeline. As the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates, nature can quickly become a formidable foe—particularly if humans are caught unprepared. Although Earth’s ideal conditions have provided humans with a perfect environment to thrive socially and economically, her natural resources are not limitless and her natural balances are delicate. It is critical to begin developing solar technology to meet the human race’s energy needs. The human race currently meets its energy needs mainly through fossil fuels. But not only are fossil fuel reserves limited but also excessive reliance on fossil fuels can cause long-term environmental damage. On the other hand, solar energy is bountiful, free and clean. As such, solar energy is a great alternative source of energy that will ensure that future generations enjoy a hospitable planet and healthy and economically stable living conditions. Planet Earth supports our current lifestyles, but there are obvious indications of unusual changes in her cycles. Only recently have we begun to consider plans regarding Earth’s capacity; historically, we have mostly considered local environmental factors. Unfortunately, the time for only thinking of local factors has passed – we must consider the planet’s capacity for continued human survival in order to create a sustainable lifestyle. As humans, we believe that we live in some sort of “infinite time spiral” – that is, we believe that the human race will live forever – but this is simply illusionary cortical brain activity. The paper also presents mitigation measures such as searching and developing new criteria in the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) tower system, combined cycle configuration; Brayton Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Thermal energy storage (TES) and Thermal Water Desalination system.
| Published in | American Journal of Modern Energy (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12 |
| Page(s) | 59-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
CSP, Solar Desalination, TES, Thermal Energy Storage, Air Cavity Receiver, DSG
| [1] | Kreith, Frank and Goswami, D. Yogi ed., Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, CRC Press, 2007. |
| [2] | Boerema, Nicholas, Morrison, Graham, Taylor, Robert and Rosengarten, Gary, High temperature solar thermal central-receiver billboard design, Solar Energy. 97: 356–368. doi: 10.1016/j.solener, 2013. |
| [3] | Law, Edward W., Prasad, Abhnil A., Kay, Merlinde and Taylor, Robert A., Direct normal irradiance forecasting and its application to concentrated solar thermal output forecasting – A review, Energy. 108: 287– 307, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2014. |
| [4] | Law, Edward W., Kay, Merlinde; Taylor and Robert A., Calculating the financial value of a concentrated solar thermal plant operated using direct normal irradiance forecasts, Solar Energy. 125: 267–281, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015. |
| [5] | NREL-GREENWAY, https://solarpaces.nrel.gov/greenway-csp-Mersin-tower-plant, 2012. |
| [6] | Krenkel, W., ed. Ceramic Matrix Composites: Fiber Reinforced Ceramics and their Applications 1st Ed., Wiley VSH, 2008. |
| [7] | Cekirge, H. M, Erturan, S. E., Richard, R. S., The CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) Plant with Brayton Cycle: A Third Generation CSP System. American Journal of Modern Energy. Vol. 6, No. 1, 2020, pp. 43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200601.16, 2020 |
| [8] | Delyannis, E., “Historic background of desalination and renewable energies,” Solar Energy, 75 (5), 357-366, 2003. |
| [9] | Akili D. Khawaji, a. d., Ibrahim K. Kutubkhanah, I. K., and Wie, Jong-Mihn, "Advances in seawater desalination technologies", Desalination. 221 (1-3): 47- 069. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067, March 2008. |
| [10] | Al-Shammiri, M. and Safar, M., "Multi-effect distillation plants: state of the art". Desalination, 126 (1–3): 45–59. doi: 10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00154-X, November 1999. |
| [11] | David M. Warsinger, Emily W. Tow, Kishor G. Nayar Laith A. Maswadeh and John H. Lienhard V, "Energy efficiency of batch and semi- batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination". Water Research, 106: 272– 282. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.029, 2016. |
| [12] | John Crittenden, Rhodes Trussell, David Hand, Kerry Howe and George Tchobanoglous, Water Treatment Principles and Design, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New Jersey. ISBN 0-471-11018-3, 2005. |
| [13] | Argyris Panagopoulos, Haralambous, Katherine-Joanne and Loizidou, M., "Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies - A review". Science of the Total Environment. 693: 133545, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.351, 2019. |
| [14] | Cekirge, H. M, Erturan, S. E., Richard, R. S., CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) - Tower Solar Thermal Desalination Plant. American Journal of Modern Energy. Vol. 6, No. 2, 2020, pp. 51-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.11 |
| [15] | Burenstam-Linder, C., Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and its limitations, available at, https://heatpower.com/news/renewable-energy/levelized-cost- of-electricity-lcoe-and-its-limitations/, 2017. |
| [16] | Manzhos, Sergei, On the Choice of the Discount Rate and the Role of Financial Variables and Physical Parameters in Estimating the Levelized Cost of Energy, Int. J. Financ. Stud., 1 (3), 54-61; doi: 10.3390/ijfs1030054, 2013. |
| [17] | Arroyo, J. and Shirazi, S., Cost of Brackish Groundwater Desalination in Texas, Texas Water Development Board, September 2012. |
| [18] | Cekirge, H. M. and Erturan, S., Modified Levelized Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLOCE and Modified Levelized Avoidable Cost of Electricity or Energy, MLACE and Decision Making, American Journal of Modern Energy, 5 (1): 1-4, doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20190501.11, 2019. |
APA Style
Serdar Eser Erturan, Huseyin Murat Cekirge, Richard Stanley Thorsen. (2020). Planet Earth Capacity Factor and New Look Criteria. American Journal of Modern Energy, 6(2), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12
ACS Style
Serdar Eser Erturan; Huseyin Murat Cekirge; Richard Stanley Thorsen. Planet Earth Capacity Factor and New Look Criteria. Am. J. Mod. Energy 2020, 6(2), 59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12
AMA Style
Serdar Eser Erturan, Huseyin Murat Cekirge, Richard Stanley Thorsen. Planet Earth Capacity Factor and New Look Criteria. Am J Mod Energy. 2020;6(2):59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12,
author = {Serdar Eser Erturan and Huseyin Murat Cekirge and Richard Stanley Thorsen},
title = {Planet Earth Capacity Factor and New Look Criteria},
journal = {American Journal of Modern Energy},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {59-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajme.20200602.12},
abstract = {The paper presents and facts and indicators of the Planet Earth capacity factor considering questions of existing human activities' safety and sustainability. These questions can be extended for advancing and developing our home planet without encountering a dilemma and future generations and civilization developments' sufferings because of our movements. In order to get positive answers to these questions, we definitely need to improve our technological skills. It might be an appropriate explanation to understand our current timeline. As the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates, nature can quickly become a formidable foe—particularly if humans are caught unprepared. Although Earth’s ideal conditions have provided humans with a perfect environment to thrive socially and economically, her natural resources are not limitless and her natural balances are delicate. It is critical to begin developing solar technology to meet the human race’s energy needs. The human race currently meets its energy needs mainly through fossil fuels. But not only are fossil fuel reserves limited but also excessive reliance on fossil fuels can cause long-term environmental damage. On the other hand, solar energy is bountiful, free and clean. As such, solar energy is a great alternative source of energy that will ensure that future generations enjoy a hospitable planet and healthy and economically stable living conditions. Planet Earth supports our current lifestyles, but there are obvious indications of unusual changes in her cycles. Only recently have we begun to consider plans regarding Earth’s capacity; historically, we have mostly considered local environmental factors. Unfortunately, the time for only thinking of local factors has passed – we must consider the planet’s capacity for continued human survival in order to create a sustainable lifestyle. As humans, we believe that we live in some sort of “infinite time spiral” – that is, we believe that the human race will live forever – but this is simply illusionary cortical brain activity. The paper also presents mitigation measures such as searching and developing new criteria in the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) tower system, combined cycle configuration; Brayton Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Thermal energy storage (TES) and Thermal Water Desalination system.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Planet Earth Capacity Factor and New Look Criteria AU - Serdar Eser Erturan AU - Huseyin Murat Cekirge AU - Richard Stanley Thorsen Y1 - 2020/05/19 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12 T2 - American Journal of Modern Energy JF - American Journal of Modern Energy JO - American Journal of Modern Energy SP - 59 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3797 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200602.12 AB - The paper presents and facts and indicators of the Planet Earth capacity factor considering questions of existing human activities' safety and sustainability. These questions can be extended for advancing and developing our home planet without encountering a dilemma and future generations and civilization developments' sufferings because of our movements. In order to get positive answers to these questions, we definitely need to improve our technological skills. It might be an appropriate explanation to understand our current timeline. As the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates, nature can quickly become a formidable foe—particularly if humans are caught unprepared. Although Earth’s ideal conditions have provided humans with a perfect environment to thrive socially and economically, her natural resources are not limitless and her natural balances are delicate. It is critical to begin developing solar technology to meet the human race’s energy needs. The human race currently meets its energy needs mainly through fossil fuels. But not only are fossil fuel reserves limited but also excessive reliance on fossil fuels can cause long-term environmental damage. On the other hand, solar energy is bountiful, free and clean. As such, solar energy is a great alternative source of energy that will ensure that future generations enjoy a hospitable planet and healthy and economically stable living conditions. Planet Earth supports our current lifestyles, but there are obvious indications of unusual changes in her cycles. Only recently have we begun to consider plans regarding Earth’s capacity; historically, we have mostly considered local environmental factors. Unfortunately, the time for only thinking of local factors has passed – we must consider the planet’s capacity for continued human survival in order to create a sustainable lifestyle. As humans, we believe that we live in some sort of “infinite time spiral” – that is, we believe that the human race will live forever – but this is simply illusionary cortical brain activity. The paper also presents mitigation measures such as searching and developing new criteria in the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) tower system, combined cycle configuration; Brayton Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Thermal energy storage (TES) and Thermal Water Desalination system. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: