The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash

Pius Rodney Fernando; Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir; Namasivagam Pushpalatha; Nadarajah Puvanakanthan; Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash

Pius Rodney Fernando, Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir, Namasivagam Pushpalatha, Nadarajah Puvanakanthan, Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 1 October 2017 Accepted: 10 November 2017 Published: 11 January 2018

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Abstract

Aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) with cement as a partial substitution in the production of alternative cement blocks to subsist conventional ones. Utilization of this natural agro waste material helps to prevent the environmental pollution, reduces the construction cost as well as contributes to sustainable construction. Therefore, 90 blocks of 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm masonry cement blocks of mixing value 1:6 were cast, cured and tested after 7, 21 and 28 days. CSA was substituted at 0 to 50 wt.% at 5% intervals. The materials were mixed well with the addition of sufficient water. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength of 300 kg/cm² and 12.52 kg/cm² were recorded at 5% supersession at the 28^th day, respectively, which is found congruous and recommended for building construction having procured a 28^th day compressive strength of more than 280 kg/cm² as required by the Sri Lankan Standards. The compressive and flexural strengths of the cement / CSA blocks generally decrease as the percentage of CSA content increases. However the dry density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength results conclude that the 10% CSA addition is the optimal value for the production of environmental friendly low cost alternative cement blocks.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
Page(s)	212-220
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coconut Shell Ash, Cement Block, Alternative Building Material, Water Absorption, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Sustainable Construction, Amorphous Silica

References

[1]	Utsev, J. T., Taku, J. K. (2012). “Coconut Shell Ash As Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement In Concrete Production”. International Journal of Science & Technology Research, 1(8): 86-89.
[2]	Habeeeb, G. A and Mahmud, H. B. (2010): Study on properties of RHA and its use as cement replacement material. Materials Research Journal, 13(2): 185-190.
[3]	Aho, M. I. and Utsev, J. T. (2008). “Compressive Strength of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks Made with Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement to Cement”. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 27(2): 71-77.
[4]	Tyagher, S. T., Utsev, J. T. and Adagba, T. (2011): Suitability of saw dust ash-lime mixture for production of Sandcrete hollow blocks, Nigerian Journal of Technology, 30(1): 79-84.
[5]	Naji, A. G., Adbdul Rasheed, S., Aziz, A. F. N. and Salleh, M. A. M. (2010): Contribution of rice husk ash to the properties of mortal and concrete; a review. Journal of American Science, 6(3): 157-165.
[6]	Nwadiogbu, C. P. (2010): Effect of elapsed time on laterite modified with lime and locust beans waste ash. Unpublished M. Sc research proposal submitted to post Graduate school, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
[7]	Nehdi, M., Dequette, J., E. and Damatty, A. (2003): Performance of rice husk ash produced using a new technology as a mineral admixture in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research Journal, 33(8): 1203-1210.
[8]	Otsiku Lab., Tokyo Institute of Technology. Use of Mineral admixtures in concrete Oyetola, E. B. and Abdullahi, M. (2006): The use of rice husk ash in low cost sandcrete blocks production. Leonardo Electronic Journal of practices and Technology, 8: 58-70.
[9]	Okpala, D. C. (1987): Rice Husk Ash as Partial replacement in concrete:The Nigeria Society of Engineers, Annual conference proceedings, Port Harcourt: 22-41.
[10]	Zhang, M. H., Lastra, R. and Malhotra, V. M. (1996): Rice husk ash paste and concrete: some aspects of hydration and the microstructure of the interfacial zone between the aggregate and concrete. Cement and concrete Research, 26(6): 963-977.
[11]	BS 3892 (1982): Specification for pulverized fuel ash for use as a cementitious compound in structural concrete, BSI, Gaylard & Sons, London.
[12]	BS EN 206–1 (2000): Concrete – Specification, Performance, production and conformity, BSI, Gaylard & sons, London.
[13]	FAOSTAT data, 2016 (last accessed by Top of Anyting: January 2016.
[14]	Siti Aminah Bt Tukiman and Sabarudin Bin Mohd. (2009): “Investigation the combination of coconut shell and grained palm kernel to replace aggregate in concrete” A technical review National Conference on Postgraduate Research (NCONPGR), Malaysia.
[15]	Amarnath Yerramala Ramachandrudu C. (2012): “Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells as Aggregate Replacement”, International Journal of Engineering Inventions, 1(6).
[16]	M. S Shetty. (2005): “Concrete Technology Theory and Practice” revised edition 2005, S. Chand Company Limited, New Delhi.
[17]	Sri Lankan Standards Specification (SLS) (1989). Cement Block 855 Part 1 Requirements. Sri Lanka Standard Institue, Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
[18]	British Standard 5628: Part 1: 2005 code of practice for the use of masonary. Structural use of unreinforced masonary.
[19]	BS 3921:1985: British Standard Specification for Clay Bricks.
[20]	British Standard 6073: Part 2: 1981 Precast Concrete Masonry Units. Method for Specifying Precast Masonry Units.

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Pius Rodney Fernando, Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir, Namasivagam Pushpalatha, Nadarajah Puvanakanthan, Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. (2018). The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2(6), 212-220. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

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ACS Style

Pius Rodney Fernando; Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir; Namasivagam Pushpalatha; Nadarajah Puvanakanthan; Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2018, 2(6), 212-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

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AMA Style

Pius Rodney Fernando, Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir, Namasivagam Pushpalatha, Nadarajah Puvanakanthan, Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2018;2(6):212-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12,
  author = {Pius Rodney Fernando and Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir and Namasivagam Pushpalatha and Nadarajah Puvanakanthan and Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha},
  title = {The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {212-220},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  abstract = {Aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) with cement as a partial substitution in the production of alternative cement blocks to subsist conventional ones. Utilization of this natural agro waste material helps to prevent the environmental pollution, reduces the construction cost as well as contributes to sustainable construction. Therefore, 90 blocks of 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm masonry cement blocks of mixing value 1:6 were cast, cured and tested after 7, 21 and 28 days. CSA was substituted at 0 to 50 wt.% at 5% intervals. The materials were mixed well with the addition of sufficient water. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength of 300 kg/cm2 and 12.52 kg/cm2 were recorded at 5% supersession at the 28th day, respectively, which is found congruous and recommended for building construction having procured a 28th day compressive strength of more than 280 kg/cm2 as required by the Sri Lankan Standards. The compressive and flexural strengths of the cement / CSA blocks generally decrease as the percentage of CSA content increases. However the dry density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength results conclude that the 10% CSA addition is the optimal value for the production of environmental friendly low cost alternative cement blocks.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash
AU  - Pius Rodney Fernando
AU  - Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir
AU  - Namasivagam Pushpalatha
AU  - Nadarajah Puvanakanthan
AU  - Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha
Y1  - 2018/01/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 212
EP  - 220
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
AB  - Aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) with cement as a partial substitution in the production of alternative cement blocks to subsist conventional ones. Utilization of this natural agro waste material helps to prevent the environmental pollution, reduces the construction cost as well as contributes to sustainable construction. Therefore, 90 blocks of 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm masonry cement blocks of mixing value 1:6 were cast, cured and tested after 7, 21 and 28 days. CSA was substituted at 0 to 50 wt.% at 5% intervals. The materials were mixed well with the addition of sufficient water. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength of 300 kg/cm2 and 12.52 kg/cm2 were recorded at 5% supersession at the 28th day, respectively, which is found congruous and recommended for building construction having procured a 28th day compressive strength of more than 280 kg/cm2 as required by the Sri Lankan Standards. The compressive and flexural strengths of the cement / CSA blocks generally decrease as the percentage of CSA content increases. However the dry density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength results conclude that the 10% CSA addition is the optimal value for the production of environmental friendly low cost alternative cement blocks.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Pius Rodney Fernando

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Vanthrumoolai, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Vanthrumoolai, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Namasivagam Pushpalatha

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Vanthrumoolai, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Nadarajah Puvanakanthan

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Vanthrumoolai, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Eastern University, Chenkalady, Vanthrumoolai, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka

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APA Style

Pius Rodney Fernando, Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir, Namasivagam Pushpalatha, Nadarajah Puvanakanthan, Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. (2018). The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2(6), 212-220. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

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ACS Style

Pius Rodney Fernando; Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir; Namasivagam Pushpalatha; Nadarajah Puvanakanthan; Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2018, 2(6), 212-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

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AMA Style

Pius Rodney Fernando, Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir, Namasivagam Pushpalatha, Nadarajah Puvanakanthan, Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha. The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2018;2(6):212-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12,
  author = {Pius Rodney Fernando and Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir and Namasivagam Pushpalatha and Nadarajah Puvanakanthan and Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha},
  title = {The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {212-220},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20170206.12},
  abstract = {Aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) with cement as a partial substitution in the production of alternative cement blocks to subsist conventional ones. Utilization of this natural agro waste material helps to prevent the environmental pollution, reduces the construction cost as well as contributes to sustainable construction. Therefore, 90 blocks of 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm masonry cement blocks of mixing value 1:6 were cast, cured and tested after 7, 21 and 28 days. CSA was substituted at 0 to 50 wt.% at 5% intervals. The materials were mixed well with the addition of sufficient water. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength of 300 kg/cm2 and 12.52 kg/cm2 were recorded at 5% supersession at the 28th day, respectively, which is found congruous and recommended for building construction having procured a 28th day compressive strength of more than 280 kg/cm2 as required by the Sri Lankan Standards. The compressive and flexural strengths of the cement / CSA blocks generally decrease as the percentage of CSA content increases. However the dry density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength results conclude that the 10% CSA addition is the optimal value for the production of environmental friendly low cost alternative cement blocks.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Performance of the Low Cost Masonry Cement Blocks as a Partial Substitution of Coconut Shell Ash
AU  - Pius Rodney Fernando
AU  - Sahabdeen Mohammed Aazir
AU  - Namasivagam Pushpalatha
AU  - Nadarajah Puvanakanthan
AU  - Vidana Heneyalage Theegis Nishantha
Y1  - 2018/01/11
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 212
EP  - 220
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20170206.12
AB  - Aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) with cement as a partial substitution in the production of alternative cement blocks to subsist conventional ones. Utilization of this natural agro waste material helps to prevent the environmental pollution, reduces the construction cost as well as contributes to sustainable construction. Therefore, 90 blocks of 450 mm × 150 mm × 225 mm masonry cement blocks of mixing value 1:6 were cast, cured and tested after 7, 21 and 28 days. CSA was substituted at 0 to 50 wt.% at 5% intervals. The materials were mixed well with the addition of sufficient water. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength of 300 kg/cm2 and 12.52 kg/cm2 were recorded at 5% supersession at the 28th day, respectively, which is found congruous and recommended for building construction having procured a 28th day compressive strength of more than 280 kg/cm2 as required by the Sri Lankan Standards. The compressive and flexural strengths of the cement / CSA blocks generally decrease as the percentage of CSA content increases. However the dry density, water absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength results conclude that the 10% CSA addition is the optimal value for the production of environmental friendly low cost alternative cement blocks.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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