Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers

Yasuji Murakami

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers

Yasuji Murakami

Published in American Journal of Networks and Communications (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 7 February 2016 Accepted: 17 February 2016 Published: 1 March 2016

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Abstract

Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to a suitable transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part of solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers, and various optical buffer architectures using FDLs have been proposed. These are generally classified into two types of structure: feed-forward (FF) or feedback (FB). In the FF buffers, optical packets are delayed at the output ports by passing through step-increasing-length multiple FDLs to avoid contentions, and in the FB buffers, optical packets are delayed by being fed back in re-circulating loop FDLs to avoid contentions. We report the detailed characteristics of optical FB buffers with the Post-Reservation (PostRes) policy and clarify the superiority of the FB buffers through simulations. For comparison, we also show the characteristics of FBSI (FB with step-increasing-length FDLs) and FF buffers. We found that 1) the blocking probabilities in the FB buffer were about 10^-2 lower than those in the FF buffer and 2) the blocking probabilities for the deterministic case in the FB buffer sharply dropped at D=1.0, where the packet length was equal to the FDL loop length. We carried out 10⁸ packet simulations. The results can be applied to the design of WDM optical packet switches and networks with the maximum throughput.

Published in	American Journal of Networks and Communications (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
Page(s)	1-10
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Asynchronous Optical Switching, Optical Buffers, Feedback Optical Loop, Blocking Probabilities, Poisson Arrivals, General Packet Length

References

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[4]	C. M. Gauger, “Dimensioning of FDL Buffers for Optical Burst Switching Nodes,” in Proc. 6^th IFIP Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling, Feb. 2002.
[5]	R. C. Almeida, J. U. Pelegrini, and H. Waldman, “A generic-traffic optical buffer modeling for asynchronous optical switching networks,” IEEE Commun. Lett., Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 175-177, 2005.
[6]	A. Rostami and S. S. Chakraborty, “On Performance of Optical Buffers with Specific Number of Circulations,” IEEE Photo. Tech. Lett., Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 1570-1572, 2005.
[7]	T. Zhang, K. Lu, and J. Jue, “Shared Fiber Delay Line Buffers in Asynchronous Optical Packet Swiches,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 118-127, 2006.
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[9]	Jianming Liu et al., “Blocking and Delay Analysis of Single Wavelength Optical Buffer with General Packet Size Distribution,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 955-966, 2009.
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[16]	Y. Murakami, “Asymptotic Analysis for Blocking Probabilities of Optical Buffer with General Packet-Length Distributions,” American J. Appl. Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 6-1, pp. 1-10, 2014.
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APA Style

Yasuji Murakami. (2016). Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. American Journal of Networks and Communications, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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ACS Style

Yasuji Murakami. Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. Am. J. Netw. Commun. 2016, 5(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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AMA Style

Yasuji Murakami. Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. Am J Netw Commun. 2016;5(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11,
  author = {Yasuji Murakami},
  title = {Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers},
  journal = {American Journal of Networks and Communications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  abstract = {Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to a suitable transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part of solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers, and various optical buffer architectures using FDLs have been proposed. These are generally classified into two types of structure: feed-forward (FF) or feedback (FB). In the FF buffers, optical packets are delayed at the output ports by passing through step-increasing-length multiple FDLs to avoid contentions, and in the FB buffers, optical packets are delayed by being fed back in re-circulating loop FDLs to avoid contentions. We report the detailed characteristics of optical FB buffers with the Post-Reservation (PostRes) policy and clarify the superiority of the FB buffers through simulations. For comparison, we also show the characteristics of FBSI (FB with step-increasing-length FDLs) and FF buffers. We found that 1) the blocking probabilities in the FB buffer were about 10-2 lower than those in the FF buffer and 2) the blocking probabilities for the deterministic case in the FB buffer sharply dropped at D=1.0, where the packet length was equal to the FDL loop length. We carried out 108 packet simulations. The results can be applied to the design of WDM optical packet switches and networks with the maximum throughput.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers
AU  - Yasuji Murakami
Y1  - 2016/03/01
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
T2  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
JF  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
JO  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8964
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
AB  - Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to a suitable transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part of solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers, and various optical buffer architectures using FDLs have been proposed. These are generally classified into two types of structure: feed-forward (FF) or feedback (FB). In the FF buffers, optical packets are delayed at the output ports by passing through step-increasing-length multiple FDLs to avoid contentions, and in the FB buffers, optical packets are delayed by being fed back in re-circulating loop FDLs to avoid contentions. We report the detailed characteristics of optical FB buffers with the Post-Reservation (PostRes) policy and clarify the superiority of the FB buffers through simulations. For comparison, we also show the characteristics of FBSI (FB with step-increasing-length FDLs) and FF buffers. We found that 1) the blocking probabilities in the FB buffer were about 10-2 lower than those in the FF buffer and 2) the blocking probabilities for the deterministic case in the FB buffer sharply dropped at D=1.0, where the packet length was equal to the FDL loop length. We carried out 108 packet simulations. The results can be applied to the design of WDM optical packet switches and networks with the maximum throughput.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yasuji Murakami

Telecommunications and Computer Networks, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Osaka, Japan

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yasuji Murakami. (2016). Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. American Journal of Networks and Communications, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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ACS Style

Yasuji Murakami. Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. Am. J. Netw. Commun. 2016, 5(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

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AMA Style

Yasuji Murakami. Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers. Am J Netw Commun. 2016;5(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11,
  author = {Yasuji Murakami},
  title = {Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers},
  journal = {American Journal of Networks and Communications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajnc.20160501.11},
  abstract = {Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to a suitable transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part of solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers, and various optical buffer architectures using FDLs have been proposed. These are generally classified into two types of structure: feed-forward (FF) or feedback (FB). In the FF buffers, optical packets are delayed at the output ports by passing through step-increasing-length multiple FDLs to avoid contentions, and in the FB buffers, optical packets are delayed by being fed back in re-circulating loop FDLs to avoid contentions. We report the detailed characteristics of optical FB buffers with the Post-Reservation (PostRes) policy and clarify the superiority of the FB buffers through simulations. For comparison, we also show the characteristics of FBSI (FB with step-increasing-length FDLs) and FF buffers. We found that 1) the blocking probabilities in the FB buffer were about 10-2 lower than those in the FF buffer and 2) the blocking probabilities for the deterministic case in the FB buffer sharply dropped at D=1.0, where the packet length was equal to the FDL loop length. We carried out 108 packet simulations. The results can be applied to the design of WDM optical packet switches and networks with the maximum throughput.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Blocking Probability Simulations for FDL Feedback Optical Buffers
AU  - Yasuji Murakami
Y1  - 2016/03/01
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
T2  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
JF  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
JO  - American Journal of Networks and Communications
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8964
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20160501.11
AB  - Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to a suitable transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part of solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers, and various optical buffer architectures using FDLs have been proposed. These are generally classified into two types of structure: feed-forward (FF) or feedback (FB). In the FF buffers, optical packets are delayed at the output ports by passing through step-increasing-length multiple FDLs to avoid contentions, and in the FB buffers, optical packets are delayed by being fed back in re-circulating loop FDLs to avoid contentions. We report the detailed characteristics of optical FB buffers with the Post-Reservation (PostRes) policy and clarify the superiority of the FB buffers through simulations. For comparison, we also show the characteristics of FBSI (FB with step-increasing-length FDLs) and FF buffers. We found that 1) the blocking probabilities in the FB buffer were about 10-2 lower than those in the FF buffer and 2) the blocking probabilities for the deterministic case in the FB buffer sharply dropped at D=1.0, where the packet length was equal to the FDL loop length. We carried out 108 packet simulations. The results can be applied to the design of WDM optical packet switches and networks with the maximum throughput.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download