Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta; Susana Providencia Garnero; Jorge Antonio Garnero

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta, Susana Providencia Garnero, Jorge Antonio Garnero

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 13 October 2016 Accepted: 14 November 2016 Published: 29 December 2016

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Abstract

In order to assess groundwater quality in the Northeast of Córdoba and Northwest of Santa Fe, both of them Argentine provinces, representative samples of groundwater used for animal consumption, irrigation and, to a lesser extent, human consumption were taken at various locations and depths, and identified with their GPS coordinates. The knowledge of the groundwater quality is of vital importance for the people who use it. In all, 50 samples were analyzed in duplicate for color, turbidity, hydrogen potential, conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate and total dissolved solids. Nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, arsenic, iron and fluoride concentrations were also determined according standard references. The chemical oxygen demand assay was performed on 50% of the samples. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis in order to establish the concentration of certain components in water and the influence of the geographic location. A strong positive relationship was found between hardness, chloride and sulfate, and no dependence was found between the total alkalinity and the remaining parameters. Different kind of positive relationship has been found between the research parameters: strong, between nitrites, fluoride and ammonium; moderately between arsenic and COD; and finally soft for nitrates with nitrites. In addition, no relationship nitrates and iron has been found. It was determined that none of the samples, taken between May and November 2013, complied with the Argentine Food Code requirements for drinking water and therefore, to animal and human feed consumption, their acceptability is excluded.

Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
Page(s)	29-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Potability, Argentine Food Code

References

[1]	Di. P. A. S. Provincial standards of control and quality of water to beverage. Res. 698/03. Argentine, 2003.
[2]	WHO. World Health Organization, Ammonia in drinking-water. (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/1) 2003; Disponible en: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/ammonia.pdf.
[3]	Costa, J. L.; Massone, H.; Martı́nez, D.; Suero, E. E.; Vidal, C. M.; Bedmar, F. Nitrate contamination of a rural aquifer and accumulation in the unsaturated zone. Agricultural Water Management, 57 (2002) 33-47.
[4]	Galindo, G.; Sainato, C.; Dapeña, C.; Fernández-Turiel, J. L.; Gimeno, D.; Pomposiello, M. C.; Panarello, H. O. Surface and groundwater quality in the northeastern region of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 23 (2007) 336-345.
[5]	Nicolli, H. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Blanco, M. d. C.; Tujchneider, O. C.; Panarello, H. O.; Dapeña, C.; Rusansky, J. E. Arsenic and associated trace-elements in groundwater from the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina: Results from 100 years of research. Science of The Total Environment, 429 (2012) 36-56.
[6]	Raychowdhury, N.; Mukherjee, A.; Bhattacharya, P.; Johannesson, K.; Bundschuh, J.; Sifuentes, G. B.; Nordberg, E.; Martin, R. A.; Storniolo, A. d. R. Provenance and fate of arsenic and other solutes in the Chaco-Pampean Plain of the Andean foreland, Argentina: From perspectives of hydrogeochemical modeling and regional tectonic setting. Journal of Hydrology, 518, Part C (2014) 300-316.
[7]	Smedley, P. L.; Nicolli, H. B.; Macdonald, D. M. J.; Barros, A. J.; Tullio, J. O. Hydrogeochemistry of arsenic and other inorganic constituents in groundwaters from La Pampa, Argentina. Applied Geochemistry, 17 (2002) 259-284.
[8]	Borzi, G. E.; García, L.; Carol, E. S. Geochemical processes regulating F−, as and NO3− content in the groundwater of a sector of the Pampean Region, Argentina. Science of The Total Environment, 530–531 (2015) 154-162.
[9]	Zabala, M. E.; Manzano, M.; Vives, L. Assessment of processes controlling the regional distribution of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater of the Pampeano Aquifer in the Del Azul Creek basin (Argentina). Journal of Hydrology, 541, Part B (2016) 1067-1087.
[10]	AFC. Argentine Food Code. Chapter XII: water drinks, water and carbonated water. http://www.anmat.gov.ar. Argentine, 2012.
[11]	Clesceri, L. Métodos normalizados para el análisis de aguas potables y residuales (APHA-AWWA-WPCF). Madrid, 1992.
[12]	Di Rienzo, J. A.; Casanove, F.; Balzarini, M.; González, L.; Tablada, M.; Robledo, C. InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Argentine. v. 2015; Disponible en: http://www.infostat.com.ar.
[13]	Gabriel, K. R. The biplot graphic display of matrices with application to principal component analysis Biometrika, 58 (1971) 453-467.
[14]	Gabriel, K. R. Biplot display of multivariate matrices for inspection of data and diagnosis. In V. Barnett (Ed.) Interpreting Multivariate Data. London, 1981.

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Alfonsina Ester Andreatta, Susana Providencia Garnero, Jorge Antonio Garnero. (2016). Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 2(5), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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ACS Style

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta; Susana Providencia Garnero; Jorge Antonio Garnero. Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2016, 2(5), 29-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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AMA Style

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta, Susana Providencia Garnero, Jorge Antonio Garnero. Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2016;2(5):29-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11,
  author = {Alfonsina Ester Andreatta and Susana Providencia Garnero and Jorge Antonio Garnero},
  title = {Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {29-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  abstract = {In order to assess groundwater quality in the Northeast of Córdoba and Northwest of Santa Fe, both of them Argentine provinces, representative samples of groundwater used for animal consumption, irrigation and, to a lesser extent, human consumption were taken at various locations and depths, and identified with their GPS coordinates. The knowledge of the groundwater quality is of vital importance for the people who use it. In all, 50 samples were analyzed in duplicate for color, turbidity, hydrogen potential, conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate and total dissolved solids. Nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, arsenic, iron and fluoride concentrations were also determined according standard references. The chemical oxygen demand assay was performed on 50% of the samples. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis in order to establish the concentration of certain components in water and the influence of the geographic location. A strong positive relationship was found between hardness, chloride and sulfate, and no dependence was found between the total alkalinity and the remaining parameters. Different kind of positive relationship has been found between the research parameters: strong, between nitrites, fluoride and ammonium; moderately between arsenic and COD; and finally soft for nitrates with nitrites. In addition, no relationship nitrates and iron has been found. It was determined that none of the samples, taken between May and November 2013, complied with the Argentine Food Code requirements for drinking water and therefore, to animal and human feed consumption, their acceptability is excluded.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces
AU  - Alfonsina Ester Andreatta
AU  - Susana Providencia Garnero
AU  - Jorge Antonio Garnero
Y1  - 2016/12/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 29
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
AB  - In order to assess groundwater quality in the Northeast of Córdoba and Northwest of Santa Fe, both of them Argentine provinces, representative samples of groundwater used for animal consumption, irrigation and, to a lesser extent, human consumption were taken at various locations and depths, and identified with their GPS coordinates. The knowledge of the groundwater quality is of vital importance for the people who use it. In all, 50 samples were analyzed in duplicate for color, turbidity, hydrogen potential, conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate and total dissolved solids. Nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, arsenic, iron and fluoride concentrations were also determined according standard references. The chemical oxygen demand assay was performed on 50% of the samples. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis in order to establish the concentration of certain components in water and the influence of the geographic location. A strong positive relationship was found between hardness, chloride and sulfate, and no dependence was found between the total alkalinity and the remaining parameters. Different kind of positive relationship has been found between the research parameters: strong, between nitrites, fluoride and ammonium; moderately between arsenic and COD; and finally soft for nitrates with nitrites. In addition, no relationship nitrates and iron has been found. It was determined that none of the samples, taken between May and November 2013, complied with the Argentine Food Code requirements for drinking water and therefore, to animal and human feed consumption, their acceptability is excluded.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta

Regional Faculty of San Francisco, National Technology University, Cordoba, Argentine
Susana Providencia Garnero

Regional Faculty of San Francisco, National Technology University, Cordoba, Argentine
Jorge Antonio Garnero

Regional Faculty of San Francisco, National Technology University, Cordoba, Argentine

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APA Style

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta, Susana Providencia Garnero, Jorge Antonio Garnero. (2016). Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 2(5), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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ACS Style

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta; Susana Providencia Garnero; Jorge Antonio Garnero. Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2016, 2(5), 29-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

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AMA Style

Alfonsina Ester Andreatta, Susana Providencia Garnero, Jorge Antonio Garnero. Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2016;2(5):29-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11,
  author = {Alfonsina Ester Andreatta and Susana Providencia Garnero and Jorge Antonio Garnero},
  title = {Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {29-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20160205.11},
  abstract = {In order to assess groundwater quality in the Northeast of Córdoba and Northwest of Santa Fe, both of them Argentine provinces, representative samples of groundwater used for animal consumption, irrigation and, to a lesser extent, human consumption were taken at various locations and depths, and identified with their GPS coordinates. The knowledge of the groundwater quality is of vital importance for the people who use it. In all, 50 samples were analyzed in duplicate for color, turbidity, hydrogen potential, conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate and total dissolved solids. Nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, arsenic, iron and fluoride concentrations were also determined according standard references. The chemical oxygen demand assay was performed on 50% of the samples. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis in order to establish the concentration of certain components in water and the influence of the geographic location. A strong positive relationship was found between hardness, chloride and sulfate, and no dependence was found between the total alkalinity and the remaining parameters. Different kind of positive relationship has been found between the research parameters: strong, between nitrites, fluoride and ammonium; moderately between arsenic and COD; and finally soft for nitrates with nitrites. In addition, no relationship nitrates and iron has been found. It was determined that none of the samples, taken between May and November 2013, complied with the Argentine Food Code requirements for drinking water and therefore, to animal and human feed consumption, their acceptability is excluded.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Groundwater Quality Assessment in Central Argentine Provinces
AU  - Alfonsina Ester Andreatta
AU  - Susana Providencia Garnero
AU  - Jorge Antonio Garnero
Y1  - 2016/12/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 29
EP  - 42
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20160205.11
AB  - In order to assess groundwater quality in the Northeast of Córdoba and Northwest of Santa Fe, both of them Argentine provinces, representative samples of groundwater used for animal consumption, irrigation and, to a lesser extent, human consumption were taken at various locations and depths, and identified with their GPS coordinates. The knowledge of the groundwater quality is of vital importance for the people who use it. In all, 50 samples were analyzed in duplicate for color, turbidity, hydrogen potential, conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulfate and total dissolved solids. Nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, arsenic, iron and fluoride concentrations were also determined according standard references. The chemical oxygen demand assay was performed on 50% of the samples. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis in order to establish the concentration of certain components in water and the influence of the geographic location. A strong positive relationship was found between hardness, chloride and sulfate, and no dependence was found between the total alkalinity and the remaining parameters. Different kind of positive relationship has been found between the research parameters: strong, between nitrites, fluoride and ammonium; moderately between arsenic and COD; and finally soft for nitrates with nitrites. In addition, no relationship nitrates and iron has been found. It was determined that none of the samples, taken between May and November 2013, complied with the Argentine Food Code requirements for drinking water and therefore, to animal and human feed consumption, their acceptability is excluded.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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