Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results

Mukesh Raj Kafle

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results

Mukesh Raj Kafle

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 17 July 2019 Accepted: 13 August 2019 Published: 24 September 2019

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Abstract

This study presents the results of sediment transport measurement in the Koshi River with a comparison between historic and recent measurement techniques. Based on the historic sediment measurement data for the period 1948-1981, the yearly sediment load at Barakhshetra varied between 49 and 283 million m³, with an average of 95 million m³. The coarse, medium and fine fraction contribute by respectively 19, 25 and 56% to the total sediment load of the Koshi River. The average total yearly sediment load at Chatra was estimated as 130 million m³, of which about 60 million m³ is bed material load which contributes to the aggradation on the alluvial fan. This historic data relate to measurements with depth-averaged sampler form cableways. Recent practices collect surface sediment samples from the riverbank to estimate the sediment transport in the river, which include the JPO-SKSKI and DHM sediment samples. The average yearly sediment load at Chatara on the basis JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurement correspond to 44.5 million m³ and 57 million m³ respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the percentages coarse, medium and fine sediment for the historical measurements (EDI method) and JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurements (surface sampling near the bank) concluded that sampling from the bank results in a serious underestimation of the contribution of the coarse sediment to the total sediment load of the river.

Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
Page(s)	111-120
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sediment Load, Riverbank, EDI, Surface Sampling, Depth-averaged

References

[1]	Nda, M., Adnan, M. S., Ahmad, K. A. and Jimoh, O. D (2017), Erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation in Rivers and dams, Water and Environmental Issues, Vol. 1, Pernerbit Press UTHM, Johor, pp. 119-147.
[2]	Wren, D. G., Barkdoll, B. D., Kuhnle, R. A. and Derrow, R. W (2000), Field techniques for suspended-sediment measurement, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 126 No. 2, pp. 97-104.
[3]	Phillips, J. M. and Walling, D. E. (1995), An assessment of the effect of sample collection, storage and resuspension on the representativeness of measurements of the effective particle size distribution of fluvial suspended sediment, Water Research, Vol. 29 No. 11, pp. 298-2508.
[4]	Burkham, D. E (1985), An approach for appraising the accuracy of suspended sediment data, Profl. Paper No 1333, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
[5]	Willis, J. C. and Bolton, G. G (1979), Statistical analysis of concentration records, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 105, pp. 1-15.
[6]	Kuhnle, R. A. and Willis, J. C (1998), Statistics of sediment transport in Goodwin Creek, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 124 No. 11, pp. 1109-1114.
[7]	Evert, Hooning (2011), Flooding and sediment management on the Koshi alluvial fan, Nepal, M. Sc thesis, Delft University of Technology, Netherland.
[8]	Ganga Flood Control Commission (1983), Comprehensive plan of flood control for the Kosi sub-basin, Government of India, Min. of Irrigation, Patna.
[9]	Coode & Partners (1980), Koshi River training and Chatra main canal sediment control study, Vol. (...), Appendix E.
[10]	Galay, V (1987), Erosion and sedimentation in the Nepal Himalayas. An assessment of river processes, CIDA, ICIMOD, IDRC & Kefford Press.
[11]	Department of hydrology and meteorology (DHM). https://www.dhm.gov.np/.
[12]	Bruijnzeel, L. A. & Bremmer, C. N (1989), Highland-lowland Interactions in the Ganges Brahmaputra River Basin: a Review of Published Literature, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, occasional Paper No. 11.

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Mukesh Raj Kafle. (2019). Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 5(3), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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Mukesh Raj Kafle. Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2019, 5(3), 111-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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AMA Style

Mukesh Raj Kafle. Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2019;5(3):111-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12,
  author = {Mukesh Raj Kafle},
  title = {Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {111-120},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  abstract = {This study presents the results of sediment transport measurement in the Koshi River with a comparison between historic and recent measurement techniques. Based on the historic sediment measurement data for the period 1948-1981, the yearly sediment load at Barakhshetra varied between 49 and 283 million m3, with an average of 95 million m3. The coarse, medium and fine fraction contribute by respectively 19, 25 and 56% to the total sediment load of the Koshi River. The average total yearly sediment load at Chatra was estimated as 130 million m3, of which about 60 million m3 is bed material load which contributes to the aggradation on the alluvial fan. This historic data relate to measurements with depth-averaged sampler form cableways. Recent practices collect surface sediment samples from the riverbank to estimate the sediment transport in the river, which include the JPO-SKSKI and DHM sediment samples. The average yearly sediment load at Chatara on the basis JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurement correspond to 44.5 million m3 and 57 million m3 respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the percentages coarse, medium and fine sediment for the historical measurements (EDI method) and JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurements (surface sampling near the bank) concluded that sampling from the bank results in a serious underestimation of the contribution of the coarse sediment to the total sediment load of the river.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results
AU  - Mukesh Raj Kafle
Y1  - 2019/09/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
AB  - This study presents the results of sediment transport measurement in the Koshi River with a comparison between historic and recent measurement techniques. Based on the historic sediment measurement data for the period 1948-1981, the yearly sediment load at Barakhshetra varied between 49 and 283 million m3, with an average of 95 million m3. The coarse, medium and fine fraction contribute by respectively 19, 25 and 56% to the total sediment load of the Koshi River. The average total yearly sediment load at Chatra was estimated as 130 million m3, of which about 60 million m3 is bed material load which contributes to the aggradation on the alluvial fan. This historic data relate to measurements with depth-averaged sampler form cableways. Recent practices collect surface sediment samples from the riverbank to estimate the sediment transport in the river, which include the JPO-SKSKI and DHM sediment samples. The average yearly sediment load at Chatara on the basis JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurement correspond to 44.5 million m3 and 57 million m3 respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the percentages coarse, medium and fine sediment for the historical measurements (EDI method) and JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurements (surface sampling near the bank) concluded that sampling from the bank results in a serious underestimation of the contribution of the coarse sediment to the total sediment load of the river.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Mukesh Raj Kafle

Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Lalitpur, Nepal

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mukesh Raj Kafle. (2019). Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 5(3), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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ACS Style

Mukesh Raj Kafle. Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2019, 5(3), 111-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mukesh Raj Kafle. Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2019;5(3):111-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12,
  author = {Mukesh Raj Kafle},
  title = {Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {111-120},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20190503.12},
  abstract = {This study presents the results of sediment transport measurement in the Koshi River with a comparison between historic and recent measurement techniques. Based on the historic sediment measurement data for the period 1948-1981, the yearly sediment load at Barakhshetra varied between 49 and 283 million m3, with an average of 95 million m3. The coarse, medium and fine fraction contribute by respectively 19, 25 and 56% to the total sediment load of the Koshi River. The average total yearly sediment load at Chatra was estimated as 130 million m3, of which about 60 million m3 is bed material load which contributes to the aggradation on the alluvial fan. This historic data relate to measurements with depth-averaged sampler form cableways. Recent practices collect surface sediment samples from the riverbank to estimate the sediment transport in the river, which include the JPO-SKSKI and DHM sediment samples. The average yearly sediment load at Chatara on the basis JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurement correspond to 44.5 million m3 and 57 million m3 respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the percentages coarse, medium and fine sediment for the historical measurements (EDI method) and JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurements (surface sampling near the bank) concluded that sampling from the bank results in a serious underestimation of the contribution of the coarse sediment to the total sediment load of the river.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sediment Transport Measurement in the Koshi River: Comparison Between Historic and Recent Measurement Results
AU  - Mukesh Raj Kafle
Y1  - 2019/09/24
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190503.12
AB  - This study presents the results of sediment transport measurement in the Koshi River with a comparison between historic and recent measurement techniques. Based on the historic sediment measurement data for the period 1948-1981, the yearly sediment load at Barakhshetra varied between 49 and 283 million m3, with an average of 95 million m3. The coarse, medium and fine fraction contribute by respectively 19, 25 and 56% to the total sediment load of the Koshi River. The average total yearly sediment load at Chatra was estimated as 130 million m3, of which about 60 million m3 is bed material load which contributes to the aggradation on the alluvial fan. This historic data relate to measurements with depth-averaged sampler form cableways. Recent practices collect surface sediment samples from the riverbank to estimate the sediment transport in the river, which include the JPO-SKSKI and DHM sediment samples. The average yearly sediment load at Chatara on the basis JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurement correspond to 44.5 million m3 and 57 million m3 respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the percentages coarse, medium and fine sediment for the historical measurements (EDI method) and JPO-SKSKI and DHM measurements (surface sampling near the bank) concluded that sampling from the bank results in a serious underestimation of the contribution of the coarse sediment to the total sediment load of the river.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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