Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal

Ousmane Coly Diouf; Lutz Weihermuller; Ndeye Maguette Dieng; Mathias Diedhiou; Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou; Seynabou Cisse Faye; Serigne Faye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal

Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, Seynabou Cisse Faye, Serigne Faye

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 16 November 2022 Accepted: 1 December 2022 Published: 21 December 2022

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Abstract

Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, HCO₃^- and NO₃^-concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca²⁺, HCO₃^-) and PD122 (Cl^-, NO₃^-, Na⁺ and K⁺), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO₃– Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl– Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).

Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
Page(s)	71-78
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Major Ions, Hydrochemical Characterization, Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern of Senegal

References

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Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. (2022). Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 8(4), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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Ousmane Coly Diouf; Lutz Weihermuller; Ndeye Maguette Dieng; Mathias Diedhiou; Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2022, 8(4), 71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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AMA Style

Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2022;8(4):71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11,
  author = {Ousmane Coly Diouf and Lutz Weihermuller and Ndeye Maguette Dieng and Mathias Diedhiou and Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou and Seynabou Cisse Faye and Serigne Faye},
  title = {Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {71-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  abstract = {Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal
AU  - Ousmane Coly Diouf
AU  - Lutz Weihermuller
AU  - Ndeye Maguette Dieng
AU  - Mathias Diedhiou
AU  - Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou
AU  - Seynabou Cisse Faye
AU  - Serigne Faye
Y1  - 2022/12/21
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 71
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
AB  - Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ousmane Coly Diouf

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Lutz Weihermuller

Research Centre Juelich, Agrosphere Institute IBG-3, Juelich, Germany
Ndeye Maguette Dieng

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Mathias Diedhiou

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Seynabou Cisse Faye

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
Serigne Faye

Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

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APA Style

Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. (2022). Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 8(4), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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ACS Style

Ousmane Coly Diouf; Lutz Weihermuller; Ndeye Maguette Dieng; Mathias Diedhiou; Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2022, 8(4), 71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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AMA Style

Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2022;8(4):71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11,
  author = {Ousmane Coly Diouf and Lutz Weihermuller and Ndeye Maguette Dieng and Mathias Diedhiou and Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou and Seynabou Cisse Faye and Serigne Faye},
  title = {Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {71-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20220804.11},
  abstract = {Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal
AU  - Ousmane Coly Diouf
AU  - Lutz Weihermuller
AU  - Ndeye Maguette Dieng
AU  - Mathias Diedhiou
AU  - Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou
AU  - Seynabou Cisse Faye
AU  - Serigne Faye
Y1  - 2022/12/21
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP  - 71
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1875
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
AB  - Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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