Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas; Marcelo Alves Dias; Marcelo Peres

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas, Marcelo Alves Dias, Marcelo Peres

Published in American Journal of Zoology (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 10 May 2018 Accepted: 8 June 2018 Published: 30 July 2018

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Abstract

Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.

Published in	American Journal of Zoology (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14
Page(s)	20-23
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biopiracy, Tarantulas, Pachistopelma bromelicola, Diseases, Tumor

References

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[2]	SARNEY FILHO. 2002. Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito Destinada a Investigar o Tráfico Ilegal de Animais e Plantas Silvestres da Fauna e da Flora Brasileiras - CPITRAFI Relatório Final. Câmera dos Deputados. Disponível em: http://www.camara.leg.br/internet/comissao/index/cpi/rel_fin_cpitrafi_01_pdf.pdf. Acessado em: 11 abr. 2017.
[3]	DESTRO, G. F. G. et al. 2012. Efforts to Combat Wild Animals Trafficking in Brazil. Biodiversity Enrichment in a Diverse World, Dr. Gbolagade Akeem Lameed (Ed.), InTechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/48351.
[4]	RIBEIRO, L. B.; SILVA, M. G. 2007. O comércio ilegal põe em risco a diversidade das aves no Brasil. Cienc. Cult., São Paulo, v. 59, n. 4. Available at: http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0009-67252007000400002&lng=en&nrm=iso. Acessed on: abr 11, 2017.
[5]	IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. 2001. O tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres e a biopirataria no Brasil. Revista Meio Ambiente, 2 (4): 8-11.
[6]	TRF-1–Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região. 2012. APELAÇÃO CRIMINAL: ACR 6282 AM 2003.32.00.006282-6 - Inteiro Teor. Available at: https://trf-1.jusbrasil.com.br/jurisprudencia/2229286/apelacao-criminal-acr-6282-am-20033200006282-6/inteiro-teor-100737827?ref=juris-tabs. Acessed on: out 19, 2016.
[7]	RENCTAS - Rede Nacional de Combate ao Tráfico de Animais Silvestres. 2001. Trilhas e Aventuras Preso mais um estrangeiro traficante de animais. Available at: http://www.renctas.org.br/trilhas-e-aventuras-preso-mais-um-estrangeiro-traficante-de-animais/ Acessed on: abr 07, 2017.
[8]	MARTINI, L. M. 2016. Cruel Tráfico de Animais Silvestres. RENCTAS. Available at: http://www.renctas.org.br/cruel-trafico-de-animais-silvestres-ligia-meira-martoni/. Acessed on: out 19, 2016.
[9]	RENCTAS (Rede Nacional de Combate ao Tráfico de Animais Silvestres). 2001. 1º Relatório Nacional sobre o Tráfico da Fauna Silvestre. Available at: http://www.renctas.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/REL_RENCTAS_pt_final.pdf. Acessed on: abr 11, 2017.
[10]	PAGANO I. S. A et al. 2009. Aves depositadas no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA na Paraíba: uma amostra do tráfico de aves silvestres no estado Revista científica da CEMAVE. Ornithologia 3 (2): 67-148.
[11]	ICMBIO - Instituto Chico Mendes. 2014. Lista de espécies ameaçadas. Available at: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/biodiversidade/fauna-brasileira/avaliacao-do-risco/PORTARIA_N%C2%BA_444_DE_17_DE_DEZEMBRO_DE_2014.pdf. Acessed on: abri 11, 2017.
[12]	PEREIRA, P. 2002. Um crime que passa despercebido. Revista Galileu. 11 (127): 24- 33.
[13]	HEDIN, M. and BOND, J. E. 2006. Molecular phylogenetics of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using nuclear RNA genes (18S and 28S): Conflict and agreement with the current system of classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 41 (2): 454-471.
[14]	BERTANI, R. 2012. Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230. 1–94.
[15]	LEWBART, G. A. 2012. Invertebrate Medicine. 2ºnd edition. Iowa: Wiley Blackwell. 187–220.
[16]	PIZZI, R. 2009. Parasites of tarantulas (Theraphosidae). Journal of Exotic Pets Medicine 18: 283–288. Cross Ref.
[17]	IAP–Instituto Ambiental do Paraná. 2003. Programa Estadual de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre Apreendida. Available at: http://www.redeprofauna.pr.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=154. Acessed on: abr 11, 2017.

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APA Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas, Marcelo Alves Dias, Marcelo Peres. (2018). Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. American Journal of Zoology, 1(1), 20-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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ACS Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas; Marcelo Alves Dias; Marcelo Peres. Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. Am. J. Zool. 2018, 1(1), 20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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AMA Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas, Marcelo Alves Dias, Marcelo Peres. Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. Am J Zool. 2018;1(1):20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14,
  author = {Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas and Marcelo Alves Dias and Marcelo Peres},
  title = {Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20180101.14},
  abstract = {Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking
AU  - Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas
AU  - Marcelo Alves Dias
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AB  - Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.
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Author Information

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas

Department of Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Marcelo Alves Dias

Department of Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Marcelo Peres

Department of Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

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APA Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas, Marcelo Alves Dias, Marcelo Peres. (2018). Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. American Journal of Zoology, 1(1), 20-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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ACS Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas; Marcelo Alves Dias; Marcelo Peres. Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. Am. J. Zool. 2018, 1(1), 20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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AMA Style

Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas, Marcelo Alves Dias, Marcelo Peres. Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking. Am J Zool. 2018;1(1):20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14,
  author = {Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas and Marcelo Alves Dias and Marcelo Peres},
  title = {Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking},
  journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {20-23},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20180101.14},
  abstract = {Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking
AU  - Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas
AU  - Marcelo Alves Dias
AU  - Marcelo Peres
Y1  - 2018/07/30
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14
T2  - American Journal of Zoology
JF  - American Journal of Zoology
JO  - American Journal of Zoology
SP  - 20
EP  - 23
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7413
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14
AB  - Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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