Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of <i>Neisseria meningitides</i> H44/76

Archana Singh; Bharti Singal; Onkar Nath; Indrakant Kumar Singh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76

Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 28 August 2015 Accepted: 22 September 2015 Published: 13 October 2015

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Abstract

Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against this opportunist pathogen. In the complete genome of N. meningitides strain H44/76, there are 1961 coding genes out of which 544 encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs). Due to their less homology and relatedness to other known proteins, HPs may serve as potential drug targets. We performed extensive functional analysis of these HPs with the help of Bioinformatics tools and assigned functions to 235 HPs, out of which 202 were annotated with high confidence whereas 33 with less confidence. In this study, we have used a combination of latest tools to acquire information about the conserved regions, families, pathways, interactions, localization and virulence related to a particular protein. We also categorized these proteins as transporters, regulators, enzymes, binding proteins, virulent proteins. The outcome of this intensive study may help in the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis, drug resistance, adaptability to host, epidemic causes and drug discovery for treatment of the diseases.

Published in	American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
Page(s)	57-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Neisseria meningitides, Hypothetical Proteins, Functional Annotation, Drug Targets

References

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Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh. (2015). Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 3(5), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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Archana Singh; Bharti Singal; Onkar Nath; Indrakant Kumar Singh. Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2015, 3(5), 57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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AMA Style

Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh. Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2015;3(5):57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16,
  author = {Archana Singh and Bharti Singal and Onkar Nath and Indrakant Kumar Singh},
  title = {Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {57-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20150305.16},
  abstract = {Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against this opportunist pathogen. In the complete genome of N. meningitides strain H44/76, there are 1961 coding genes out of which 544 encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs). Due to their less homology and relatedness to other known proteins, HPs may serve as potential drug targets. We performed extensive functional analysis of these HPs with the help of Bioinformatics tools and assigned functions to 235 HPs, out of which 202 were annotated with high confidence whereas 33 with less confidence. In this study, we have used a combination of latest tools to acquire information about the conserved regions, families, pathways, interactions, localization and virulence related to a particular protein. We also categorized these proteins as transporters, regulators, enzymes, binding proteins, virulent proteins. The outcome of this intensive study may help in the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis, drug resistance, adaptability to host, epidemic causes and drug discovery for treatment of the diseases.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76
AU  - Archana Singh
AU  - Bharti Singal
AU  - Onkar Nath
AU  - Indrakant Kumar Singh
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
AB  - Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against this opportunist pathogen. In the complete genome of N. meningitides strain H44/76, there are 1961 coding genes out of which 544 encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs). Due to their less homology and relatedness to other known proteins, HPs may serve as potential drug targets. We performed extensive functional analysis of these HPs with the help of Bioinformatics tools and assigned functions to 235 HPs, out of which 202 were annotated with high confidence whereas 33 with less confidence. In this study, we have used a combination of latest tools to acquire information about the conserved regions, families, pathways, interactions, localization and virulence related to a particular protein. We also categorized these proteins as transporters, regulators, enzymes, binding proteins, virulent proteins. The outcome of this intensive study may help in the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis, drug resistance, adaptability to host, epidemic causes and drug discovery for treatment of the diseases.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Archana Singh

Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Bharti Singal

Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, (University of Delhi), Kalkaji, New Delhi India
Onkar Nath

Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, (University of Delhi), Kalkaji, New Delhi India
Indrakant Kumar Singh

Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, (University of Delhi), Kalkaji, New Delhi India

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Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh. (2015). Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 3(5), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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Archana Singh; Bharti Singal; Onkar Nath; Indrakant Kumar Singh. Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2015, 3(5), 57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh. Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2015;3(5):57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16,
  author = {Archana Singh and Bharti Singal and Onkar Nath and Indrakant Kumar Singh},
  title = {Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {57-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20150305.16},
  abstract = {Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against this opportunist pathogen. In the complete genome of N. meningitides strain H44/76, there are 1961 coding genes out of which 544 encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs). Due to their less homology and relatedness to other known proteins, HPs may serve as potential drug targets. We performed extensive functional analysis of these HPs with the help of Bioinformatics tools and assigned functions to 235 HPs, out of which 202 were annotated with high confidence whereas 33 with less confidence. In this study, we have used a combination of latest tools to acquire information about the conserved regions, families, pathways, interactions, localization and virulence related to a particular protein. We also categorized these proteins as transporters, regulators, enzymes, binding proteins, virulent proteins. The outcome of this intensive study may help in the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis, drug resistance, adaptability to host, epidemic causes and drug discovery for treatment of the diseases.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76
AU  - Archana Singh
AU  - Bharti Singal
AU  - Onkar Nath
AU  - Indrakant Kumar Singh
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.16
AB  - Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against this opportunist pathogen. In the complete genome of N. meningitides strain H44/76, there are 1961 coding genes out of which 544 encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs). Due to their less homology and relatedness to other known proteins, HPs may serve as potential drug targets. We performed extensive functional analysis of these HPs with the help of Bioinformatics tools and assigned functions to 235 HPs, out of which 202 were annotated with high confidence whereas 33 with less confidence. In this study, we have used a combination of latest tools to acquire information about the conserved regions, families, pathways, interactions, localization and virulence related to a particular protein. We also categorized these proteins as transporters, regulators, enzymes, binding proteins, virulent proteins. The outcome of this intensive study may help in the comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis, drug resistance, adaptability to host, epidemic causes and drug discovery for treatment of the diseases.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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