Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung

Dahiru Usman Hassan; Surajudeen Abdulsalam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung

Dahiru Usman Hassan, Surajudeen Abdulsalam

Published in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 14 January 2017 Accepted: 25 January 2017 Published: 10 March 2017

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Abstract

A study was carried out for assessement of bio-fertilizerquality of anaerobic digestion of watermelon peels and cow dung as substrates. Five kilogram (5 kg) each of water melon peels and cow dung were collected, pre-treated and mixed with water in a ratio 1:1 w/v to prepared 18 L slurry that was charged into the batch bio-digester and digested for 35 days at mesophilic temperature of between 26.2-30.8℃. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the substrates were determined before and after the digestion process using standard methods. The analyses showed that biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio reduced by 99.84%, 6.22%, 59.32% and 77.25% respectively, while chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and pH increased by 67.16%, 86.01% and 24.14% respectively after digestion. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83.35% and biogas yield of 16.65% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (N,P,K) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 78.57%, 89.09% and 84.62%. The presence of Clostridium (nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) revealed that the digestate was bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the implication of salmonella in the digestate is a major health concern, it is therefore recommended that further study to check if an extended retention period would ensure the removal of Salmonella.

Published in	Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
Page(s)	135-141
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bio-fertilizer, Biodigester, Anaerobic Digestion, Retention Time, Watermelon Peels, Cow Dung, Salmonella

References

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[2]	Owamah, H. I, Dahunusi, S. O, Oranusi, U. S, Alfa, M. I. (2014). Fertilizer and sanitary quality of digestate bio-fertilizer from co-digestion of food waste and human excreta. International Journal of Waste management, 34 (2014), 747-752.
[3]	Food and Agricultural Organization. (2012). Global information and early warning on food agriculture in Africa-Nigeria. Retrieved October 2014 from www.fao.org/docrep/.
[4]	Ojolo, S. J, Dinrifo, R. R. (2007). Comparative study of biogas production from five substrates. Advance materials resource journal. 18-19: 519-25.
[5]	Alfa, M. I., Adie, D. B., Igboro, S. B., Oranusi, U. S., Dahunsi, S. O., Akali, D. M. (2013). Assessment of bio-fertilizer quality and health implications of anaerobic effluent of cow dung and chicken droppings. Journal of Renewable Energy 63, 681–686.
[6]	Schippers R. R. (2002). African indigenous vegetables, an overview of the cultivated species. (Rev.ed.) on CD-ROM. National Resources International Limited, Aylesford, united kingdom, 2002.
[7]	Karki A. B. (2002), From kitchen waste to biogas: an empirical experience: International Journal of Biogas and natural resources management www.snvworld.org. Assessed on 12/08/2014.
[8]	Omprakash, S., Yasabie. A. (2013). Study of Bio-digester for Fuel and Fertilizer. International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. Vol. 2, No. 4, 2013, pp 147-152.
[9]	APHA. (2012). Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Waste water, 20th edition, America Public Health Association, Water Works Association/Water environment Federation, Washington DC, USA.
[10]	Tsuneo. (2010). Pictorial atlas of soil for seed fungi: Morphologies of cultural fungi for key to species. Third edition. CRC press.
[11]	Dahunsi, S. O, Oranusi, U. S. Owolabi, J. B. (2015). Biogas generation from Watermelon peels, pineapple peels and food wastes. International conference on African issues (CUD-ICADI): Biotechnology and Bioinformatics track.
[12]	Taylor, N., Wilkie., A. C. (2014). Anaerobic digestion for sustainable development, dairy manure waste management. NRAES-176, p63-72, university of Florida, U.S.
[13]	Smith, K., Grylls, J., Metcalfe, P., Jeffrey, B. and Sinclair, A. (2007). Nutrient Value of digestate from Farm Based Biogas Plants in Scotland. Report for Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department - ADA/009/.
[14]	Monnet, F. (2003). An Introduction to Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste. Final Report Submitted to Remade, Scotland. Retrived August 2014 from http://www.remade.org.uk/media/9102/.
[15]	Dahunsi, S. O, Oranusi, U. S. (2013). Co-digestion of food waste and human excreta for biogas production. Retrieved July 2015 from http://www.sciencedomain.org./3 (4) 485-499-2013/.
[16]	Shu-Hsien T, Ching-Piao L, Shang-S. Y. (2007). Microbial conversion of food wastes for bio-fertilizer production with thermophilic lipolytic microbes. International Journal of Renewable Energy; 32: 904e15.
[17]	Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, TNAU. (2014). Bio-fertilizer entrepreneurial training manual. Coimbatore, India.
[18]	Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, TNAU. (2008). Bio-fertilizer Entrepreneurial training manual. Coimbatore, India.

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APA Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan, Surajudeen Abdulsalam. (2017). Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan; Surajudeen Abdulsalam. Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2017, 2(3), 135-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan, Surajudeen Abdulsalam. Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chem Biomol Eng. 2017;2(3):135-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12,
  author = {Dahiru Usman Hassan and Surajudeen Abdulsalam},
  title = {Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung},
  journal = {Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {135-141},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbe.20170203.12},
  abstract = {A study was carried out for assessement of bio-fertilizerquality of anaerobic digestion of watermelon peels and cow dung as substrates. Five kilogram (5 kg) each of water melon peels and cow dung were collected, pre-treated and mixed with water in a ratio 1:1 w/v to prepared 18 L slurry that was charged into the batch bio-digester and digested for 35 days at mesophilic temperature of between 26.2-30.8℃. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the substrates were determined before and after the digestion process using standard methods. The analyses showed that biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio reduced by 99.84%, 6.22%, 59.32% and 77.25% respectively, while chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and pH increased by 67.16%, 86.01% and 24.14% respectively after digestion. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83.35% and biogas yield of 16.65% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (N,P,K) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 78.57%, 89.09% and 84.62%. The presence of Clostridium (nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) revealed that the digestate was bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the implication of salmonella in the digestate is a major health concern, it is therefore recommended that further study to check if an extended retention period would ensure the removal of Salmonella.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung
AU  - Dahiru Usman Hassan
AU  - Surajudeen Abdulsalam
Y1  - 2017/03/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
T2  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JF  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JO  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
SP  - 135
EP  - 141
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8884
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
AB  - A study was carried out for assessement of bio-fertilizerquality of anaerobic digestion of watermelon peels and cow dung as substrates. Five kilogram (5 kg) each of water melon peels and cow dung were collected, pre-treated and mixed with water in a ratio 1:1 w/v to prepared 18 L slurry that was charged into the batch bio-digester and digested for 35 days at mesophilic temperature of between 26.2-30.8℃. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the substrates were determined before and after the digestion process using standard methods. The analyses showed that biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio reduced by 99.84%, 6.22%, 59.32% and 77.25% respectively, while chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and pH increased by 67.16%, 86.01% and 24.14% respectively after digestion. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83.35% and biogas yield of 16.65% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (N,P,K) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 78.57%, 89.09% and 84.62%. The presence of Clostridium (nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) revealed that the digestate was bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the implication of salmonella in the digestate is a major health concern, it is therefore recommended that further study to check if an extended retention period would ensure the removal of Salmonella.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Dahiru Usman Hassan

Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria
Surajudeen Abdulsalam

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan, Surajudeen Abdulsalam. (2017). Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2(3), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan; Surajudeen Abdulsalam. Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2017, 2(3), 135-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Dahiru Usman Hassan, Surajudeen Abdulsalam. Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung. Chem Biomol Eng. 2017;2(3):135-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12,
  author = {Dahiru Usman Hassan and Surajudeen Abdulsalam},
  title = {Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung},
  journal = {Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {135-141},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbe.20170203.12},
  abstract = {A study was carried out for assessement of bio-fertilizerquality of anaerobic digestion of watermelon peels and cow dung as substrates. Five kilogram (5 kg) each of water melon peels and cow dung were collected, pre-treated and mixed with water in a ratio 1:1 w/v to prepared 18 L slurry that was charged into the batch bio-digester and digested for 35 days at mesophilic temperature of between 26.2-30.8℃. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the substrates were determined before and after the digestion process using standard methods. The analyses showed that biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio reduced by 99.84%, 6.22%, 59.32% and 77.25% respectively, while chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and pH increased by 67.16%, 86.01% and 24.14% respectively after digestion. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83.35% and biogas yield of 16.65% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (N,P,K) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 78.57%, 89.09% and 84.62%. The presence of Clostridium (nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) revealed that the digestate was bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the implication of salmonella in the digestate is a major health concern, it is therefore recommended that further study to check if an extended retention period would ensure the removal of Salmonella.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessement of Bio-fertilizer Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Watermelon Peels and Cow Dung
AU  - Dahiru Usman Hassan
AU  - Surajudeen Abdulsalam
Y1  - 2017/03/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
T2  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JF  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
JO  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
SP  - 135
EP  - 141
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8884
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20170203.12
AB  - A study was carried out for assessement of bio-fertilizerquality of anaerobic digestion of watermelon peels and cow dung as substrates. Five kilogram (5 kg) each of water melon peels and cow dung were collected, pre-treated and mixed with water in a ratio 1:1 w/v to prepared 18 L slurry that was charged into the batch bio-digester and digested for 35 days at mesophilic temperature of between 26.2-30.8℃. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the substrates were determined before and after the digestion process using standard methods. The analyses showed that biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, organic carbon, carbon/nitrogen ratio reduced by 99.84%, 6.22%, 59.32% and 77.25% respectively, while chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and pH increased by 67.16%, 86.01% and 24.14% respectively after digestion. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83.35% and biogas yield of 16.65% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (N,P,K) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 78.57%, 89.09% and 84.62%. The presence of Clostridium (nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) revealed that the digestate was bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the implication of salmonella in the digestate is a major health concern, it is therefore recommended that further study to check if an extended retention period would ensure the removal of Salmonella.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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