Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is a global target to reduce mortality and morbidity also to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes. Currently, mammography is the gold standard in BC diagnosis followed by biopsy when warranted. Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferative biomarker that succeeded in discovering premalignant transformations of breast cancer before the appearance of any symptoms. This study aimed to provide a non-invasive method to early detect BC by measuring TK1 in sera of women with breast lesions alongside mammography. The study included 271 women divided into five BIRADS categories. Methods and Material: only one blood sample was collected from each woman to detect TK1 concentration, before undergoing mammography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or true cut. Results: TK1 levels were significantly different between BI-RADS categories. It was correlated with clinical stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. TK1 levels could distinguish between healthy individuals and patients who had breast lesions with a sensitivity and a specificity as follows 91.3 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, this test could discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 91.2%. Conclusion: These findings suggest the determination of TK1 levels as a risk warning biomarker to improve early detection of BC.
| Published in | Cancer Research Journal (Volume 7, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17 |
| Page(s) | 161-166 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
BI-RADS, Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1), Breast Cancer, Benign, Proliferative Marker
| [1] | Ghoncheh M, Pournamdar Z, Salehiniya H. Incidence and Mortality and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the World. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17: 43–6. |
| [2] | Pezuk JA, Miller TLA, Bevilacqua JLB, de Barros ACSD, de Andrade FEM, E Macedo LFA, et. al. Measuring plasma levels of three microRNAs can improve the accuracy for identification of malignant breast lesions in women with BI-RADS 4 mammography. Oncotarget. 2017; 8: 83940-83948. |
| [3] | Chen CC, Chang TW, Chen FM, Hou MF, Hung SY, Chong IW, et al. Combination of multiple mRNA markers (PTTG1, Survivin, UbcH10 and TK1) in the diagnosis of Taiwanese patients with breast cancer by membrane array. Oncology 2006; 70: 438–446. |
| [4] | American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts and figures 2017–2018. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2017. |
| [5] | Mendelson EB, Böhm-Vélez M, Berg WA, Whitman GJ, Feldman MI, Madjar H, D’Orsi CJ, Sickles EA, Morris EA. ACR BI-RADS® Atlas, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Reston (VA): American College of Radiology; 2013. |
| [6] | Lee KA, Talati N, Oudsema R, Steinberger S, Margolies LR. BI-RADS 3: Current and Future Use of Probably Benign. Curr Radiol Rep 2018; 6: 5. |
| [7] | Michaels AY, Chung CSW, Frost EP, Birdwell RL, Giess CS. Interobserver variability in upgraded and non-upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions. Clin Radiol 2017; 72: e1-e6. |
| [8] | Salamaa D H, Gewefelb H. BI-RADS 3 Breast Lesions: Can Follow-up Replace Biopsy. Egypt J Hosp Med 2014; 54: 1–10. |
| [9] | Hot S, Coşkun ZÜ, Akçakaya A, Bender Ö, Türkmen ÜA, Nayır PÖ, Sarı A, Hot AB. The breast lesion excision system procedure: An optimal solution for the management of indeterminate BI-RADS category 3 breast lesions in women with severe anxiety. Saudi Med J. 2018; 39: 891-896. |
| [10] | Pauwels EK, Foray N, Bourguignon MH. Breast Cancer Induced by X-Ray Mammography Screening? A Review Based on Recent Understanding of Low-Dose Radiobiology. Med Princ Pract. 2016; 25: 101-9. |
| [11] | Chen ZH, Huang SQ, Wang Y, Yang AZ, Wen J, Xu XH, et al. Serological thymidine kinase 1 is a biomarker for early detection of tumours --a health screening study on 35,365 people, using a sensitive chemiluminescent dot blot assay. Sensors (Basel). 2011; 11: 11064-80. |
| [12] | Jagarlamudi KK, Wang L, Eriksson S. Doxorubicin effects on leukemia and breast cancer cells in culture on the TK1 protein levels using AroCell TK 210 ELISA: a tool for drug development. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2018; 37: 679-686. |
| [13] | Jagarlamudi KK, Hansson LO, Eriksson S. Breast and prostate cancer patients differ significantly in their serum Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) specific activities compared with those hematological malignancies and blood donors: implications of using serum TK1 as a biomarker. BMC Cancer. 2015; 15: 66. |
| [14] | Percy C, Fritz A, Jack A, Shanmugarathan S, Sobin L, Parkin DM, et al. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O). 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. |
| [15] | Elston EW, Ellis IO. Method for grading breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 1993; 46: 189-90. |
| [16] | Kotz S, Balakrishnan N, Read CB, et al. (2006) Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley-Interscience. |
| [17] | Kirkpatrick LA, Feeney BC (2013) A simple guide to IBM SPSS statistics for version 20.0. Student ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. |
| [18] | Anderson BO, Shyyan R, Eniu A, Smith RA, Yip CH, Bese NS, et al. Breast cancer in limited-resource countries: an overview of the Breast Health Global Initiative 2005 guidelines. Breast J. 2006; 12 Suppl 1: S3-15. |
| [19] | World Health Organization. Cancer control: knowledge into action: WHO guide for effective programmes: Module 3: Early Detection: World Health Organization; 2007. |
| [20] | Huang S, Lin J, Guo N, Zhang M, Yun X, Liu S, et al. Elevated serum thymidine kinase 1 predicts risk of pre/early cancerous progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011; 12: 497-505. |
| [21] | Cao X, Wang Y, Yang P, Zhou H, Liu C, Chen Z. Application of serum thymidine kinase 1 of 26 055 cases in health screening for early detection of premalignant/early malignant tumors. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014; 39: 1029-34. |
| [22] | Chen Z, Zhou H, Li S, He E, Hu J, Zhou J, et al. Serological thymidine kinase 1 (STK1) indicates an elevated risk for the development of malignant tumours. Anticancer Res. 2008; 28 (6B): 3897-907. |
| [23] | Nisman B, Kadouri L, Allweis T, Maly B, Hamburger T, Gronowitz S, et al. Increased proliferative background in healthy women with BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency is associated with high risk for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013; 22: 2110-5. |
| [24] | He E, Xu XH, Guan H, Chen Y, Chen ZH, Pan ZL, et al. Thymidine kinase 1 is a potential marker for prognosis and monitoring the response to treatment of patients with breast, lung, and esophageal cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2010; 29: 352-8. |
| [25] | Kumar JK, Aronsson AC, Pilko G, Zupan M, Kumer K, Fabjan T, et al. A clinical evaluation of the TK 210 ELISA in sera from breast cancer patients demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in all stages of disease. Tumour Biol. 2016; 37: 11937-11945. |
APA Style
Marwa Sameh Abou El-Eneen, Hoda Abou Seif, Rawia Khalil Fawzy, Abdallah Mohamed Mossa. (2019). Determination of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) Level as a Risk Warning Biomarker to Improve Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Cancer Research Journal, 7(4), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17
ACS Style
Marwa Sameh Abou El-Eneen; Hoda Abou Seif; Rawia Khalil Fawzy; Abdallah Mohamed Mossa. Determination of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) Level as a Risk Warning Biomarker to Improve Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res. J. 2019, 7(4), 161-166. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17
AMA Style
Marwa Sameh Abou El-Eneen, Hoda Abou Seif, Rawia Khalil Fawzy, Abdallah Mohamed Mossa. Determination of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) Level as a Risk Warning Biomarker to Improve Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res J. 2019;7(4):161-166. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17,
author = {Marwa Sameh Abou El-Eneen and Hoda Abou Seif and Rawia Khalil Fawzy and Abdallah Mohamed Mossa},
title = {Determination of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) Level as a Risk Warning Biomarker to Improve Early Detection of Breast Cancer},
journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {161-166},
doi = {10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.20190704.17},
abstract = {Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is a global target to reduce mortality and morbidity also to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes. Currently, mammography is the gold standard in BC diagnosis followed by biopsy when warranted. Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferative biomarker that succeeded in discovering premalignant transformations of breast cancer before the appearance of any symptoms. This study aimed to provide a non-invasive method to early detect BC by measuring TK1 in sera of women with breast lesions alongside mammography. The study included 271 women divided into five BIRADS categories. Methods and Material: only one blood sample was collected from each woman to detect TK1 concentration, before undergoing mammography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or true cut. Results: TK1 levels were significantly different between BI-RADS categories. It was correlated with clinical stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. TK1 levels could distinguish between healthy individuals and patients who had breast lesions with a sensitivity and a specificity as follows 91.3 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, this test could discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 91.2%. Conclusion: These findings suggest the determination of TK1 levels as a risk warning biomarker to improve early detection of BC.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) Level as a Risk Warning Biomarker to Improve Early Detection of Breast Cancer AU - Marwa Sameh Abou El-Eneen AU - Hoda Abou Seif AU - Rawia Khalil Fawzy AU - Abdallah Mohamed Mossa Y1 - 2019/12/24 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17 DO - 10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17 T2 - Cancer Research Journal JF - Cancer Research Journal JO - Cancer Research Journal SP - 161 EP - 166 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8214 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20190704.17 AB - Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is a global target to reduce mortality and morbidity also to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes. Currently, mammography is the gold standard in BC diagnosis followed by biopsy when warranted. Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is a proliferative biomarker that succeeded in discovering premalignant transformations of breast cancer before the appearance of any symptoms. This study aimed to provide a non-invasive method to early detect BC by measuring TK1 in sera of women with breast lesions alongside mammography. The study included 271 women divided into five BIRADS categories. Methods and Material: only one blood sample was collected from each woman to detect TK1 concentration, before undergoing mammography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or true cut. Results: TK1 levels were significantly different between BI-RADS categories. It was correlated with clinical stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. TK1 levels could distinguish between healthy individuals and patients who had breast lesions with a sensitivity and a specificity as follows 91.3 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, this test could discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 91.2%. Conclusion: These findings suggest the determination of TK1 levels as a risk warning biomarker to improve early detection of BC. VL - 7 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: