Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index

Douglas Reward Kokah; Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma; Samuel l Tari Raphae

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index

Douglas Reward Kokah, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma, Samuel l Tari Raphae

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 30 July 2019 Accepted: 19 August 2019 Published: 17 September 2019

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Abstract

Crude oil contaminated sites delineation by soil quality index (SQI) is presented. This study used SQI proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to delineate three genuinely petroleum-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria to prioritise sites to inform risk decision making and/or remediation. In assessing the potential impact on human health risks at the contaminated sites, soil screening levels (SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions with higher exposure potential (nC₁₀-nC₁₆, nC₁₆-nC₃₅, nC₃₅-nC₄₀), and risk indicator compound (benzo[a]pyrene) were used in calculating the SQI scores. The sites were assessed by scoring them on a scale spanning from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates a very high level of human health risks and 100 indicates no action is required. The following results were obtained: (a) Site 1, SQI=36.9. This indicates high priority for remediation; (b) Site 2, SQI=49.1, which implies there is high priority for remediation and (c) Site 3 (SQI=45), which means site 3 requires high priority for remedial action. Thus, SQI method can be used to prioritse crude oil contaminated sites to enhance risk classification and decision-making and provide further insight to the contaminated land sector.

Published in	Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
Page(s)	79-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Soil Quality Index, Human Health, Risk Prioritization, Remediation

References

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APA Style

Douglas Reward Kokah, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma, Samuel l Tari Raphae. (2019). Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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ACS Style

Douglas Reward Kokah; Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma; Samuel l Tari Raphae. Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2019, 4(4), 79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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AMA Style

Douglas Reward Kokah, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma, Samuel l Tari Raphae. Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Eng Appl Sci. 2019;4(4):79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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@article{10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12,
  author = {Douglas Reward Kokah and Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma and Samuel l Tari Raphae},
  title = {Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {79-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20190404.12},
  abstract = {Crude oil contaminated sites delineation by soil quality index (SQI) is presented. This study used SQI proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to delineate three genuinely petroleum-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria to prioritise sites to inform risk decision making and/or remediation. In assessing the potential impact on human health risks at the contaminated sites, soil screening levels (SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions with higher exposure potential (nC10-nC16, nC16-nC35, nC35-nC40), and risk indicator compound (benzo[a]pyrene) were used in calculating the SQI scores. The sites were assessed by scoring them on a scale spanning from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates a very high level of human health risks and 100 indicates no action is required. The following results were obtained: (a) Site 1, SQI=36.9. This indicates high priority for remediation; (b) Site 2, SQI=49.1, which implies there is high priority for remediation and (c) Site 3 (SQI=45), which means site 3 requires high priority for remedial action. Thus, SQI method can be used to prioritse crude oil contaminated sites to enhance risk classification and decision-making and provide further insight to the contaminated land sector.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index
AU  - Douglas Reward Kokah
AU  - Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma
AU  - Samuel l Tari Raphae
Y1  - 2019/09/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 79
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
AB  - Crude oil contaminated sites delineation by soil quality index (SQI) is presented. This study used SQI proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to delineate three genuinely petroleum-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria to prioritise sites to inform risk decision making and/or remediation. In assessing the potential impact on human health risks at the contaminated sites, soil screening levels (SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions with higher exposure potential (nC10-nC16, nC16-nC35, nC35-nC40), and risk indicator compound (benzo[a]pyrene) were used in calculating the SQI scores. The sites were assessed by scoring them on a scale spanning from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates a very high level of human health risks and 100 indicates no action is required. The following results were obtained: (a) Site 1, SQI=36.9. This indicates high priority for remediation; (b) Site 2, SQI=49.1, which implies there is high priority for remediation and (c) Site 3 (SQI=45), which means site 3 requires high priority for remedial action. Thus, SQI method can be used to prioritse crude oil contaminated sites to enhance risk classification and decision-making and provide further insight to the contaminated land sector.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Douglas Reward Kokah

School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Samuel l Tari Raphae

Department of Chemical Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria

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APA Style

Douglas Reward Kokah, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma, Samuel l Tari Raphae. (2019). Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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ACS Style

Douglas Reward Kokah; Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma; Samuel l Tari Raphae. Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2019, 4(4), 79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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AMA Style

Douglas Reward Kokah, Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma, Samuel l Tari Raphae. Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index. Eng Appl Sci. 2019;4(4):79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12

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@article{10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12,
  author = {Douglas Reward Kokah and Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma and Samuel l Tari Raphae},
  title = {Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index},
  journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {79-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20190404.12},
  abstract = {Crude oil contaminated sites delineation by soil quality index (SQI) is presented. This study used SQI proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to delineate three genuinely petroleum-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria to prioritise sites to inform risk decision making and/or remediation. In assessing the potential impact on human health risks at the contaminated sites, soil screening levels (SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions with higher exposure potential (nC10-nC16, nC16-nC35, nC35-nC40), and risk indicator compound (benzo[a]pyrene) were used in calculating the SQI scores. The sites were assessed by scoring them on a scale spanning from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates a very high level of human health risks and 100 indicates no action is required. The following results were obtained: (a) Site 1, SQI=36.9. This indicates high priority for remediation; (b) Site 2, SQI=49.1, which implies there is high priority for remediation and (c) Site 3 (SQI=45), which means site 3 requires high priority for remedial action. Thus, SQI method can be used to prioritse crude oil contaminated sites to enhance risk classification and decision-making and provide further insight to the contaminated land sector.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prioritisation of Crude Oil Contaminated Sites to Inform Risk Decision Making Using Soil Quality Index
AU  - Douglas Reward Kokah
AU  - Reuben Nwomandah Okparanma
AU  - Samuel l Tari Raphae
Y1  - 2019/09/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
SP  - 79
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1468
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20190404.12
AB  - Crude oil contaminated sites delineation by soil quality index (SQI) is presented. This study used SQI proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) to delineate three genuinely petroleum-contaminated sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria to prioritise sites to inform risk decision making and/or remediation. In assessing the potential impact on human health risks at the contaminated sites, soil screening levels (SL) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) reference concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions with higher exposure potential (nC10-nC16, nC16-nC35, nC35-nC40), and risk indicator compound (benzo[a]pyrene) were used in calculating the SQI scores. The sites were assessed by scoring them on a scale spanning from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates a very high level of human health risks and 100 indicates no action is required. The following results were obtained: (a) Site 1, SQI=36.9. This indicates high priority for remediation; (b) Site 2, SQI=49.1, which implies there is high priority for remediation and (c) Site 3 (SQI=45), which means site 3 requires high priority for remedial action. Thus, SQI method can be used to prioritse crude oil contaminated sites to enhance risk classification and decision-making and provide further insight to the contaminated land sector.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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