Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Amelewerk Alemu; Mesfin Aklilu; Wogayehu Tadele

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Amelewerk Alemu, Mesfin Aklilu, Wogayehu Tadele

Published in International Journal of Health Economics and Policy (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 1 February 2019 Accepted: 18 March 2019 Published: 12 April 2019

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Abstract

The Objectives of the study is to assess the magnitude and factor that affect out-of pocket medical expenditure among outpatients department in St Paul’s hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An Institution-based cross-sectional study in quantitative method was conducted among outpatient services. The required sample size is determined by single population and double population proportion formula. The final sample size was 422. A descriptive statistical analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to describe the findings. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, family size, total income was statistically associated with TOOPME at Sig< 0.2. Statistically associated with TOOPME In multivariate analysis were marital status (B=.197; CI 95%190.2-585; sig .000), Occupation status (B=-.174; CI 95%-180—39.6; sig .002), family size (B=.229; CI 95%58-150; sig .000), and total income (B=.305; CI 95%10Table: 1 9-227; sig .000). The financing system of health care should be based on the principle of cost sharing so that there will be resource pooling among the poor and the rich. The financing mechanism should also move into prepayment schemes or insurance to protect the poor from unanticipated health care costs.

Published in	International Journal of Health Economics and Policy (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
Page(s)	29-34
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, Catastrophic Health Expenditures, Health Care Seekers

References

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[5]	Nandi S, Schneider H, Dixit P. Hospital utilization and out of pocket expenditure in public and private sectors under the universal government health insurance scheme in Chhattisgarh State, India: Lessons for universal health coverage. Prinja S, editor. PLOS 2017 Nov 17; 12(11): e0187904.
[6]	Tolla MT, Norheim OF, Verguet S, Bekele A, Amenu K, Abdisa SG, et al. Out-of-pocket. expenditures for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in general and Health. specialised cardiac hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional cohort study. BMJ Glob 2017 Jun; 2(2): e000280.
[7]	Brinda EM, Andrés RA, Enemark U. Correlates of out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditures in Tanzania: results from a national household survey. BMC Int Health Hum Rights [Internet]. 2014 Dec [cited 2017 Oct 26]; 14(1). Available from: http://bmcinthealthhumrights.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-698X-14-5.
[8]	Tibebe A, Amarech G, Melesse T, Mariam DH. Examining out of pocket payments for –affordability. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2012; 26(1):251–257. maternal health in rural Ethiopia: paradox of free health care un.
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[14]	Pg O. Out-of-pocket payment for health services: constraints and implications for employees in Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, South east Nigeria. 2011; 11(3):5. Government.
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[16]	Mahumud RA, Sarker AR, Sultana M, Islam Z, Khan J, Morton A. Distribution and 2017 Determinants of Out-of-pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Bangladesh. J Prev Med Pub Health. Mar 31; 50(2):91–9.

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APA Style

Amelewerk Alemu, Mesfin Aklilu, Wogayehu Tadele. (2019). Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 4(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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ACS Style

Amelewerk Alemu; Mesfin Aklilu; Wogayehu Tadele. Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Health Econ. Policy 2019, 4(1), 29-34. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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AMA Style

Amelewerk Alemu, Mesfin Aklilu, Wogayehu Tadele. Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Health Econ Policy. 2019;4(1):29-34. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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@article{10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14,
  author = {Amelewerk Alemu and Mesfin Aklilu and Wogayehu Tadele},
  title = {Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Health Economics and Policy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hep.20190401.14},
  abstract = {The Objectives of the study is to assess the magnitude and factor that affect out-of pocket medical expenditure among outpatients department in St Paul’s hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An Institution-based cross-sectional study in quantitative method was conducted among outpatient services. The required sample size is determined by single population and double population proportion formula. The final sample size was 422. A descriptive statistical analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to describe the findings. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, family size, total income was statistically associated with TOOPME at Sig< 0.2. Statistically associated with TOOPME In multivariate analysis were marital status (B=.197; CI 95%190.2-585; sig .000), Occupation status (B=-.174; CI 95%-180—39.6; sig .002), family size (B=.229; CI 95%58-150; sig .000), and total income (B=.305; CI 95%10Table: 1 9-227; sig .000). The financing system of health care should be based on the principle of cost sharing so that there will be resource pooling among the poor and the rich. The financing mechanism should also move into prepayment schemes or insurance to protect the poor from unanticipated health care costs.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AU  - Amelewerk Alemu
AU  - Mesfin Aklilu
AU  - Wogayehu Tadele
Y1  - 2019/04/12
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
T2  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
SP  - 29
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9309
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
AB  - The Objectives of the study is to assess the magnitude and factor that affect out-of pocket medical expenditure among outpatients department in St Paul’s hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An Institution-based cross-sectional study in quantitative method was conducted among outpatient services. The required sample size is determined by single population and double population proportion formula. The final sample size was 422. A descriptive statistical analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to describe the findings. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, family size, total income was statistically associated with TOOPME at Sig< 0.2. Statistically associated with TOOPME In multivariate analysis were marital status (B=.197; CI 95%190.2-585; sig .000), Occupation status (B=-.174; CI 95%-180—39.6; sig .002), family size (B=.229; CI 95%58-150; sig .000), and total income (B=.305; CI 95%10Table: 1 9-227; sig .000). The financing system of health care should be based on the principle of cost sharing so that there will be resource pooling among the poor and the rich. The financing mechanism should also move into prepayment schemes or insurance to protect the poor from unanticipated health care costs.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Amelewerk Alemu

Health Economics Department, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Mesfin Aklilu

Human Resource for Health Management Department, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wogayehu Tadele

Health Economics Department, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Amelewerk Alemu, Mesfin Aklilu, Wogayehu Tadele. (2019). Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 4(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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ACS Style

Amelewerk Alemu; Mesfin Aklilu; Wogayehu Tadele. Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Health Econ. Policy 2019, 4(1), 29-34. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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AMA Style

Amelewerk Alemu, Mesfin Aklilu, Wogayehu Tadele. Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Health Econ Policy. 2019;4(1):29-34. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14

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@article{10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14,
  author = {Amelewerk Alemu and Mesfin Aklilu and Wogayehu Tadele},
  title = {Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Health Economics and Policy},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hep.20190401.14},
  abstract = {The Objectives of the study is to assess the magnitude and factor that affect out-of pocket medical expenditure among outpatients department in St Paul’s hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An Institution-based cross-sectional study in quantitative method was conducted among outpatient services. The required sample size is determined by single population and double population proportion formula. The final sample size was 422. A descriptive statistical analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to describe the findings. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, family size, total income was statistically associated with TOOPME at Sig< 0.2. Statistically associated with TOOPME In multivariate analysis were marital status (B=.197; CI 95%190.2-585; sig .000), Occupation status (B=-.174; CI 95%-180—39.6; sig .002), family size (B=.229; CI 95%58-150; sig .000), and total income (B=.305; CI 95%10Table: 1 9-227; sig .000). The financing system of health care should be based on the principle of cost sharing so that there will be resource pooling among the poor and the rich. The financing mechanism should also move into prepayment schemes or insurance to protect the poor from unanticipated health care costs.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Magnitude and Factors Affecting Out-of-Pocket Medical Expenditure among Outpatients in ST.Paul Hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AU  - Amelewerk Alemu
AU  - Mesfin Aklilu
AU  - Wogayehu Tadele
Y1  - 2019/04/12
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
T2  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
SP  - 29
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9309
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20190401.14
AB  - The Objectives of the study is to assess the magnitude and factor that affect out-of pocket medical expenditure among outpatients department in St Paul’s hospital Millennium College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An Institution-based cross-sectional study in quantitative method was conducted among outpatient services. The required sample size is determined by single population and double population proportion formula. The final sample size was 422. A descriptive statistical analysis, binary and multivariable logistic regression model was used to describe the findings. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, family size, total income was statistically associated with TOOPME at Sig< 0.2. Statistically associated with TOOPME In multivariate analysis were marital status (B=.197; CI 95%190.2-585; sig .000), Occupation status (B=-.174; CI 95%-180—39.6; sig .002), family size (B=.229; CI 95%58-150; sig .000), and total income (B=.305; CI 95%10Table: 1 9-227; sig .000). The financing system of health care should be based on the principle of cost sharing so that there will be resource pooling among the poor and the rich. The financing mechanism should also move into prepayment schemes or insurance to protect the poor from unanticipated health care costs.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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