A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon

Kinga Bertila Mayin; Promise Aseh Munteh; Bereynuy Jude Cholong; Mbacham Fon Wilfred

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

| Peer-Reviewed

A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon

Kinga Bertila Mayin, Promise Aseh Munteh, Bereynuy Jude Cholong, Mbacham Fon Wilfred

Published in International Journal of Health Economics and Policy (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 29 March 2022 Accepted: 19 April 2022 Published: 28 April 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. Results of clinical trials however show that more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. This work aims at comparing the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination with dying from COVID-19 infection. It made use of secondary data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Worldometer. Percentages, relative risk, and odds ratios were used to analyze the results. The results showed that 0.0017% deaths were attributed to COVID-19 vaccination and 0.0046% death to COVID-19 infection. The relative risk and odds ratio of dying from COVID-19 vaccination and infection was 0.38 and 0.137 respectively. Both figures are far less than 1 indicating that the risk and odd of dying are by far lower among people vaccinated (cases) than amongst none vaccinated people (control). The results equally showed that COVID-19 infections also led to large treatment costs for the country and individuals leading to economic depression and enormous consequences in the country and the world at large. This study, therefore, concludes that the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination is about 3 times lower than dying from COVID-19 infection especially amongst elderly people. This work thus recommends massive COVID-19 vaccination especially for the elderly who are most likely to die from COVID-19 infection and less likely to die from the side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines.

Published in	International Journal of Health Economics and Policy (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13
Page(s)	31-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Vaccination, Death, Risk, Odd, Cameroon

References

[1]	African News (2021) Cameroon starts COVID vaccination using jabs given by China. Last updated: 13/04 - 15:20.
[2]	Carl A B Pearson, Fiammetta Bozzani, Simon R Procter, Nicholas G Davies, Maryam Huda, Henning Tarp Jensen, Marcus Keogh-Brown, Muhammad Khalid, Sedona Sweeney, Sergio Torres-Rueda, CHiL COVID-19 Working Group, CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Rosalind M Eggo, Anna Vassall, and Mark Jit (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.21252338
[3]	Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (2021). Selected Adverse Events Reported after COVID-19 Vaccination. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html Retrieved 24 of May 2021.
[4]	Charles D. Ericsson, Robert Steffen, Silvia M. Ess, Thomas D. Szucs (2002) Economic Evaluation of Immunization Strategies, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 35, Issue 3, 1 August 2002, Pages 294–297, https://doi.org/10.1086/341419
[5]	Dinga, J. N.; Sinda, L. K.; Titanji, V. P. K. (2021) Assessment of Vaccine Hesitancy to a COVID-19 Vaccine in Cameroonian Adults and Its Global Implication. Vaccines 2021, 9, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020175
[6]	Donald A. Berry & Scott Berry & Peter Hale & Leah Isakov & Andrew W. Lo & Kien Wei Siah & Chi Heem Wong, (2020). "A Cost/Benefit Analysis of Clinical Trial Designs for COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates," NBER Working Papers 27882, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Handle: RePEc: nbr: nberwo: 27882.
[7]	Gollier, C (2020), “Cost-benefit analysis of age-specific deconfinement strategies”, Journal of Public Economic Theory 22 (6): 1746-1771 (pre-published in COVID Economics 24: 1-31).
[8]	Gabrielle Masson and Mackenzie Bean (2021). COVID-19 vaccine side effects and transmission. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/public-health/do-intense-vaccine-side-effects-point-to-past-COVID-19-infection-4-vaccine-claims-fact-checked.html.
[9]	Hagens, A.; ˙Inkaya, A. Ç.; Yildirak, K.; Sancar, M.; van der Schans, J.; AcarSancar, A.; Ünal, S.; Postma, M.; Yegeno glu, S. COVID-19 Vaccination Scenarios: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Turkey. Vaccines 2021, 9, 399. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9040399
[10]	Ke'ala Akau (2021). Sex and Gender and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects. Yale school of medicine. https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/sex-and-gender-and-COVID-19-vaccine-side-effects/
[11]	Kinga B. M., Promise A. M. and Mbacham F. W. (2020) Costs and benefits of early response in the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon: DALYs, treatment cost and labour supply lost. JOURNAL OF THE CAMEROON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 16 No. 1.
[12]	Kohli M, Maschio M, Becker D, Weinstein MC (2021). The potential public health and economic value of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine in the United States: Use of cost-effectiveness modeling to inform vaccination prioritization. Vaccine: 6 Jan 2021. Available from: URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.078
[13]	Sherita H. G. (2021) COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: 12 Things You Need to Know. Health.
[14]	Shmerling Robert H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines: Safety, side effects — and coincidence - Harvard Health Blog. COVID-19 vaccines. Senior Faculty Editor, Harvard Health Publishing. Posted February 08, 2021, 10:30 am, Updated April 24, 2021, 6:56 pm.
[15]	Tom Drake, Hiral Anil Shah, Anthony McDonnell, Elias Asfaw, Francis Ruiz, Anna Vassall, Edwine Barasa, Mahlet Kifle Habtemariam, Amanda Glassman, and Peter Baker (2021) Who Gets a COVID-19 Vaccine and Who Pays? The Need for Economic Analysis. Global Health Policy Blog.
[16]	WHO (2021). Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines. WHO’s Vaccines Explained series. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/side-effects-of-COVID-19-vaccines
[17]	Worldometer (2021). COVID-19 cases Cameroon last updated: May 24, 2021, 04:48 GMT. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon/. Retrieved 24 of May 2021.
[18]	Worldometer (2021). Elaboration of the latest United Nations data on Cameroon population. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/cameroon-population/. Retrieved 24 of May 2021.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin, Promise Aseh Munteh, Bereynuy Jude Cholong, Mbacham Fon Wilfred. (2022). A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 7(2), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin; Promise Aseh Munteh; Bereynuy Jude Cholong; Mbacham Fon Wilfred. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. Int. J. Health Econ. Policy 2022, 7(2), 31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin, Promise Aseh Munteh, Bereynuy Jude Cholong, Mbacham Fon Wilfred. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. Int J Health Econ Policy. 2022;7(2):31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13,
  author = {Kinga Bertila Mayin and Promise Aseh Munteh and Bereynuy Jude Cholong and Mbacham Fon Wilfred},
  title = {A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Health Economics and Policy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hep.20220702.13},
  abstract = {Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. Results of clinical trials however show that more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. This work aims at comparing the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination with dying from COVID-19 infection. It made use of secondary data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Worldometer. Percentages, relative risk, and odds ratios were used to analyze the results. The results showed that 0.0017% deaths were attributed to COVID-19 vaccination and 0.0046% death to COVID-19 infection. The relative risk and odds ratio of dying from COVID-19 vaccination and infection was 0.38 and 0.137 respectively. Both figures are far less than 1 indicating that the risk and odd of dying are by far lower among people vaccinated (cases) than amongst none vaccinated people (control). The results equally showed that COVID-19 infections also led to large treatment costs for the country and individuals leading to economic depression and enormous consequences in the country and the world at large. This study, therefore, concludes that the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination is about 3 times lower than dying from COVID-19 infection especially amongst elderly people. This work thus recommends massive COVID-19 vaccination especially for the elderly who are most likely to die from COVID-19 infection and less likely to die from the side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon
AU - Kinga Bertila Mayin
AU - Promise Aseh Munteh
AU - Bereynuy Jude Cholong
AU - Mbacham Fon Wilfred
Y1 - 2022/04/28
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13
DO - 10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13
T2 - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JF - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
JO - International Journal of Health Economics and Policy
SP - 31
EP - 35
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-9309
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13
AB - Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. Results of clinical trials however show that more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. This work aims at comparing the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination with dying from COVID-19 infection. It made use of secondary data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Worldometer. Percentages, relative risk, and odds ratios were used to analyze the results. The results showed that 0.0017% deaths were attributed to COVID-19 vaccination and 0.0046% death to COVID-19 infection. The relative risk and odds ratio of dying from COVID-19 vaccination and infection was 0.38 and 0.137 respectively. Both figures are far less than 1 indicating that the risk and odd of dying are by far lower among people vaccinated (cases) than amongst none vaccinated people (control). The results equally showed that COVID-19 infections also led to large treatment costs for the country and individuals leading to economic depression and enormous consequences in the country and the world at large. This study, therefore, concludes that the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination is about 3 times lower than dying from COVID-19 infection especially amongst elderly people. This work thus recommends massive COVID-19 vaccination especially for the elderly who are most likely to die from COVID-19 infection and less likely to die from the side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines.
VL - 7
IS - 2
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Kinga Bertila Mayin

Department of Health Economics and Policy Management, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, Cameroon
Promise Aseh Munteh

Department of Health Economics and Policy Management, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, Cameroon
Bereynuy Jude Cholong

Department of Health Economics and Policy Management, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, Cameroon
Mbacham Fon Wilfred

Department of Health Economics and Policy Management, Catholic University of Cameroon (CATUC), Bamenda, Cameroon

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin, Promise Aseh Munteh, Bereynuy Jude Cholong, Mbacham Fon Wilfred. (2022). A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 7(2), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin; Promise Aseh Munteh; Bereynuy Jude Cholong; Mbacham Fon Wilfred. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. Int. J. Health Econ. Policy 2022, 7(2), 31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Kinga Bertila Mayin, Promise Aseh Munteh, Bereynuy Jude Cholong, Mbacham Fon Wilfred. A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon. Int J Health Econ Policy. 2022;7(2):31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13,
  author = {Kinga Bertila Mayin and Promise Aseh Munteh and Bereynuy Jude Cholong and Mbacham Fon Wilfred},
  title = {A Comparative Analysis of the Risk and Odds of Death from COVID-19 Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection in Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Health Economics and Policy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20220702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hep.20220702.13},
  abstract = {Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. Results of clinical trials however show that more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. This work aims at comparing the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination with dying from COVID-19 infection. It made use of secondary data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Worldometer. Percentages, relative risk, and odds ratios were used to analyze the results. The results showed that 0.0017% deaths were attributed to COVID-19 vaccination and 0.0046% death to COVID-19 infection. The relative risk and odds ratio of dying from COVID-19 vaccination and infection was 0.38 and 0.137 respectively. Both figures are far less than 1 indicating that the risk and odd of dying are by far lower among people vaccinated (cases) than amongst none vaccinated people (control). The results equally showed that COVID-19 infections also led to large treatment costs for the country and individuals leading to economic depression and enormous consequences in the country and the world at large. This study, therefore, concludes that the risk of dying from COVID-19 vaccination is about 3 times lower than dying from COVID-19 infection especially amongst elderly people. This work thus recommends massive COVID-19 vaccination especially for the elderly who are most likely to die from COVID-19 infection and less likely to die from the side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download