Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education

Dennis Awen; Keith Parker; Clifton Brown; Dawn Brown McGlotten

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education

Dennis Awen, Keith Parker, Clifton Brown, Dawn Brown McGlotten

Published in Humanities and Social Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 4 May 2022 Accepted: 18 July 2022 Published: 24 August 2022

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Abstract

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal regulation that applies to discrimination, including harassment based on race in traditional and non-traditional higher education institutions, was enacted to ban discrimination in many areas of American society, including education. Title VI focuses specifically on those organizations that accept federal dollars. Higher education institutions in accordance with receiving public funds, cannot spend designated funds on any events which promote or leads to discrimination based on race. The purpose of this paper was to discuss Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as it applies to higher education. Students attend higher education institutions for academic purposes. Our findings indicate as demographic diversity continues to increase across U.S. College campuses, it is vital for institutions of higher education to become proactive in combatting any type of discrimination so all students can equally benefit from a safe, harmonious, and learning oriented environment, and build multicultural citizenship skills. The rate of recurrences of violations in higher education reveals levels of systemic discriminations that needs more awareness and exposure. This paper focuses on varying aspects of discrimination, both overt and implicit and at examples of best practices to reduce the occurrences in higher education in the enforcement of Title VI.

Published in	Humanities and Social Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18
Page(s)	250-254
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Title VI, Civil Rights, Higher Education, Discrimination

References

[1]	Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275, 279, 121 S. Ct. 1511, 149 L. (Ed. 2d 517; 2001).
[2]	Boise State University. (2015). Title VI. Retrieved from http://compliance.boisestate.edu/title-vi/.
[3]	Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483; 74 S. Ct. 686; 98 L. (Ed. 873l 1954 U.S. LEXIS 2094).
[4]	Duncan, S. H. (2010). College bullies - precursors to campus violence: What should universities and college administrators know about the law? Villanova Law Review, 55 (2), 269-320.
[5]	Geier v. Lamar Alexander, 593 F. Supp. 1263; 1984 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 23345.
[6]	Guardians Assn. v. Civil Service Commission of New York City, 463 U.S. 582, 595, 77 L. (Ed. 2d 866, 103 S. Ct. 3221; 1983).
[7]	Jaschik, S. (2015). More complaints than findings. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/11/30/education-department-receives-many-complaints-about-racial-harassment-higher.
[8]	Law and Higher education. (2015). Law and Higher Education: Title VI. Law and higher education. Retrieved from http://lawhigheredu.com/128-title-vi.html.
[9]	Murphy, K. (2014). San Jose State promises changes after racial bullying incident. San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved from http://www.mercurynews.com/education/ci_26690963/san-jose-state-promises-action-improve-racial-climate.
[10]	National Park Service. (2015). Civil Rights Act of 1964. National Park Service. Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilrights/1964-civil-rights-act.htm.
[11]	Office of Civil Rights Enforcement. (2000). 34 C. F. R. Part 100. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/policy/rights/reg/Office of Civil Rights/34cfr100.pdf.
[12]	Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education. (2020) U.S. Department of Education OCR, Case Processing Manual. retrieved from: https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/ocrcpm.pdf
[13]	Sandoval, T. (2012). Minority students face more discrimination on low-diversity campuses. Chronicle.com. Retrieved July 24, 2022, from https://www.chronicle.com/article/minority-students-face-more-discrimination-on-low-diversity-campuses-report-says/
[14]	Boddie, E. C. (2017, December 7). The Harvard plan that failed Asian Americans. Harvard Law Review. Retrieved July 24, 2022, from https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/12/the-harvard-plan-that-failed-asian-americans/
[15]	University of Tennessee. (2020). The University of Tennessee Title VI compliance report and implementation plan FY 2019 – 2020. University of Tennessee. Retrieved from https://equity.tennessee.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2021/02/University-of-Tennessee-2019-2020-Report-and-Implementation-Plan-Revised.pdf
[16]	United States Department of Justice. (2015). Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et Seq. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2008-title42/html/USCODE-2008-title42-chap21-subchapV.htm.
[17]	United States of America v. El Camino Community College, 454 R. Supp. 825; 1978 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16345.
[18]	U.S. Department of Education. (2005). Education and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/Office of Civil Rights/docs/hq43e4.html.
[19]	U.S. Department of Education. (2015). How to file a discrimination complaint with the Office for Civil Rights. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/Office of Civil Rights/docs/howto.html.

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APA Style

Dennis Awen, Keith Parker, Clifton Brown, Dawn Brown McGlotten. (2022). Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(4), 250-254. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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Dennis Awen; Keith Parker; Clifton Brown; Dawn Brown McGlotten. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2022, 10(4), 250-254. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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AMA Style

Dennis Awen, Keith Parker, Clifton Brown, Dawn Brown McGlotten. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanit Soc Sci. 2022;10(4):250-254. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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@article{10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18,
  author = {Dennis Awen and Keith Parker and Clifton Brown and Dawn Brown McGlotten},
  title = {Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {250-254},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hss.20221004.18},
  abstract = {Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal regulation that applies to discrimination, including harassment based on race in traditional and non-traditional higher education institutions, was enacted to ban discrimination in many areas of American society, including education. Title VI focuses specifically on those organizations that accept federal dollars. Higher education institutions in accordance with receiving public funds, cannot spend designated funds on any events which promote or leads to discrimination based on race. The purpose of this paper was to discuss Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as it applies to higher education. Students attend higher education institutions for academic purposes. Our findings indicate as demographic diversity continues to increase across U.S. College campuses, it is vital for institutions of higher education to become proactive in combatting any type of discrimination so all students can equally benefit from a safe, harmonious, and learning oriented environment, and build multicultural citizenship skills. The rate of recurrences of violations in higher education reveals levels of systemic discriminations that needs more awareness and exposure. This paper focuses on varying aspects of discrimination, both overt and implicit and at examples of best practices to reduce the occurrences in higher education in the enforcement of Title VI.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education
AU  - Dennis Awen
AU  - Keith Parker
AU  - Clifton Brown
AU  - Dawn Brown McGlotten
Y1  - 2022/08/24
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Author Information

Dennis Awen

Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, the United States
Keith Parker

National Education and Empowerment Coalition, Inc, Tallahassee, the United States
Clifton Brown

Sociology and Criminal Justice, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, the United States
Dawn Brown McGlotten

21^st Century Development Inc, Tallahassee, the United States

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Dennis Awen, Keith Parker, Clifton Brown, Dawn Brown McGlotten. (2022). Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(4), 250-254. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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ACS Style

Dennis Awen; Keith Parker; Clifton Brown; Dawn Brown McGlotten. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2022, 10(4), 250-254. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

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AMA Style

Dennis Awen, Keith Parker, Clifton Brown, Dawn Brown McGlotten. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education. Humanit Soc Sci. 2022;10(4):250-254. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18,
  author = {Dennis Awen and Keith Parker and Clifton Brown and Dawn Brown McGlotten},
  title = {Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education},
  journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {250-254},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hss.20221004.18},
  abstract = {Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal regulation that applies to discrimination, including harassment based on race in traditional and non-traditional higher education institutions, was enacted to ban discrimination in many areas of American society, including education. Title VI focuses specifically on those organizations that accept federal dollars. Higher education institutions in accordance with receiving public funds, cannot spend designated funds on any events which promote or leads to discrimination based on race. The purpose of this paper was to discuss Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as it applies to higher education. Students attend higher education institutions for academic purposes. Our findings indicate as demographic diversity continues to increase across U.S. College campuses, it is vital for institutions of higher education to become proactive in combatting any type of discrimination so all students can equally benefit from a safe, harmonious, and learning oriented environment, and build multicultural citizenship skills. The rate of recurrences of violations in higher education reveals levels of systemic discriminations that needs more awareness and exposure. This paper focuses on varying aspects of discrimination, both overt and implicit and at examples of best practices to reduce the occurrences in higher education in the enforcement of Title VI.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Implications for Higher Education
AU  - Dennis Awen
AU  - Keith Parker
AU  - Clifton Brown
AU  - Dawn Brown McGlotten
Y1  - 2022/08/24
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18
T2  - Humanities and Social Sciences
JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences
JO  - Humanities and Social Sciences
SP  - 250
EP  - 254
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8184
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20221004.18
AB  - Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal regulation that applies to discrimination, including harassment based on race in traditional and non-traditional higher education institutions, was enacted to ban discrimination in many areas of American society, including education. Title VI focuses specifically on those organizations that accept federal dollars. Higher education institutions in accordance with receiving public funds, cannot spend designated funds on any events which promote or leads to discrimination based on race. The purpose of this paper was to discuss Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as it applies to higher education. Students attend higher education institutions for academic purposes. Our findings indicate as demographic diversity continues to increase across U.S. College campuses, it is vital for institutions of higher education to become proactive in combatting any type of discrimination so all students can equally benefit from a safe, harmonious, and learning oriented environment, and build multicultural citizenship skills. The rate of recurrences of violations in higher education reveals levels of systemic discriminations that needs more awareness and exposure. This paper focuses on varying aspects of discrimination, both overt and implicit and at examples of best practices to reduce the occurrences in higher education in the enforcement of Title VI.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download