Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia

Biadg Fetene; Kassahun Assega

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia

Biadg Fetene, Kassahun Assega

Published in International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 28 July 2022 Accepted: 6 September 2022 Published: 29 December 2022

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Abstract

Vegetables have since ancient times, played a very important role in human life; they have been used for food, traditional medicines, and source of fiber and other purposes and also as fodder for domestic animals. Data about chemical composition of pumpkin itself is still insufficient, especially regarding the mineral content of pumpkin. As a result of such circumstances, there is a need for determination of essential and toxic metals in leaves, seeds and fruit of pumpkin, which was the main goal of this research. First the leaves, fruits and seeds were collected, dried, and digested by wet digestion method and levels of metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 81.76% to 120.00%. The study found out that the levels of essential metals were in the order of Mg 454.280 mg/kg >Mn (202.222mg/kg > Fe (28.568mg/kg >Cu (23.600mg/kg) >Zn (7.673mg/kg) in the seed, Mg (255.233mg/kg) > Mn (187.360mg/kg) > Fe (31.467mg/kg) >Zn (11.93mg/kg) > Cu (8.200mg/kg) in the fruit Mg (524.60mg/kg) >Mn (190.222mg/kg) >Fe (34.62mg/kg) >Cu (20.01mg/kg) >Zn (8.62mg/kg) in the leaf samples respectively, whereas for non-essential metals the concentration of Cd was 0.147mg/kg >Pb (0.013mg/kg in the seed, Cd (0.088mg/kg) > Pb (0.014mg/kg) in the fruit and Pb (0.014mg/Kg) > Cd (0.012mg/kg) samples respectively. A pair wise t-test at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference in the levels of metals among the two samples means. The amounts of all selected essential Minerals especially (Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and toxic non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) concentration analyzed in all pumpkin seed, leaf and fruit were in the range of the recommended values of WHO/FAO and detection limit of the instrument used. The result indicates that, all parts of the plant (seed, leaf and fruit) are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness.

Published in	International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
Page(s)	62-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Essential Metals, Minerals, Pumpkin, Concentration, Food

References

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Biadg Fetene, Kassahun Assega. (2022). Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 7(2), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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ACS Style

Biadg Fetene; Kassahun Assega. Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. Int. J. Biochem. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2022, 7(2), 62-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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AMA Style

Biadg Fetene, Kassahun Assega. Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. Int J Biochem Biophys Mol Biol. 2022;7(2):62-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13,
  author = {Biadg Fetene and Kassahun Assega},
  title = {Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {62-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  abstract = {Vegetables have since ancient times, played a very important role in human life; they have been used for food, traditional medicines, and source of fiber and other purposes and also as fodder for domestic animals. Data about chemical composition of pumpkin itself is still insufficient, especially regarding the mineral content of pumpkin. As a result of such circumstances, there is a need for determination of essential and toxic metals in leaves, seeds and fruit of pumpkin, which was the main goal of this research. First the leaves, fruits and seeds were collected, dried, and digested by wet digestion method and levels of metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 81.76% to 120.00%. The study found out that the levels of essential metals were in the order of Mg 454.280 mg/kg >Mn (202.222mg/kg > Fe (28.568mg/kg >Cu (23.600mg/kg) >Zn (7.673mg/kg) in the seed, Mg (255.233mg/kg) > Mn (187.360mg/kg) > Fe (31.467mg/kg) >Zn (11.93mg/kg) > Cu (8.200mg/kg) in the fruit Mg (524.60mg/kg) >Mn (190.222mg/kg) >Fe (34.62mg/kg) >Cu (20.01mg/kg) >Zn (8.62mg/kg) in the leaf samples respectively, whereas for non-essential metals the concentration of Cd was 0.147mg/kg >Pb (0.013mg/kg in the seed, Cd (0.088mg/kg) > Pb (0.014mg/kg) in the fruit and Pb (0.014mg/Kg) > Cd (0.012mg/kg) samples respectively. A pair wise t-test at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference in the levels of metals among the two samples means. The amounts of all selected essential Minerals especially (Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and toxic non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) concentration analyzed in all pumpkin seed, leaf and fruit were in the range of the recommended values of WHO/FAO and detection limit of the instrument used. The result indicates that, all parts of the plant (seed, leaf and fruit) are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia
AU  - Biadg Fetene
AU  - Kassahun Assega
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
T2  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JF  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JO  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
SP  - 62
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
AB  - Vegetables have since ancient times, played a very important role in human life; they have been used for food, traditional medicines, and source of fiber and other purposes and also as fodder for domestic animals. Data about chemical composition of pumpkin itself is still insufficient, especially regarding the mineral content of pumpkin. As a result of such circumstances, there is a need for determination of essential and toxic metals in leaves, seeds and fruit of pumpkin, which was the main goal of this research. First the leaves, fruits and seeds were collected, dried, and digested by wet digestion method and levels of metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 81.76% to 120.00%. The study found out that the levels of essential metals were in the order of Mg 454.280 mg/kg >Mn (202.222mg/kg > Fe (28.568mg/kg >Cu (23.600mg/kg) >Zn (7.673mg/kg) in the seed, Mg (255.233mg/kg) > Mn (187.360mg/kg) > Fe (31.467mg/kg) >Zn (11.93mg/kg) > Cu (8.200mg/kg) in the fruit Mg (524.60mg/kg) >Mn (190.222mg/kg) >Fe (34.62mg/kg) >Cu (20.01mg/kg) >Zn (8.62mg/kg) in the leaf samples respectively, whereas for non-essential metals the concentration of Cd was 0.147mg/kg >Pb (0.013mg/kg in the seed, Cd (0.088mg/kg) > Pb (0.014mg/kg) in the fruit and Pb (0.014mg/Kg) > Cd (0.012mg/kg) samples respectively. A pair wise t-test at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference in the levels of metals among the two samples means. The amounts of all selected essential Minerals especially (Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and toxic non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) concentration analyzed in all pumpkin seed, leaf and fruit were in the range of the recommended values of WHO/FAO and detection limit of the instrument used. The result indicates that, all parts of the plant (seed, leaf and fruit) are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Biadg Fetene

College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
Kassahun Assega

College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia

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Biadg Fetene, Kassahun Assega. (2022). Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 7(2), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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ACS Style

Biadg Fetene; Kassahun Assega. Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. Int. J. Biochem. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2022, 7(2), 62-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

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AMA Style

Biadg Fetene, Kassahun Assega. Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia. Int J Biochem Biophys Mol Biol. 2022;7(2):62-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13,
  author = {Biadg Fetene and Kassahun Assega},
  title = {Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {62-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbbmb.20220702.13},
  abstract = {Vegetables have since ancient times, played a very important role in human life; they have been used for food, traditional medicines, and source of fiber and other purposes and also as fodder for domestic animals. Data about chemical composition of pumpkin itself is still insufficient, especially regarding the mineral content of pumpkin. As a result of such circumstances, there is a need for determination of essential and toxic metals in leaves, seeds and fruit of pumpkin, which was the main goal of this research. First the leaves, fruits and seeds were collected, dried, and digested by wet digestion method and levels of metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 81.76% to 120.00%. The study found out that the levels of essential metals were in the order of Mg 454.280 mg/kg >Mn (202.222mg/kg > Fe (28.568mg/kg >Cu (23.600mg/kg) >Zn (7.673mg/kg) in the seed, Mg (255.233mg/kg) > Mn (187.360mg/kg) > Fe (31.467mg/kg) >Zn (11.93mg/kg) > Cu (8.200mg/kg) in the fruit Mg (524.60mg/kg) >Mn (190.222mg/kg) >Fe (34.62mg/kg) >Cu (20.01mg/kg) >Zn (8.62mg/kg) in the leaf samples respectively, whereas for non-essential metals the concentration of Cd was 0.147mg/kg >Pb (0.013mg/kg in the seed, Cd (0.088mg/kg) > Pb (0.014mg/kg) in the fruit and Pb (0.014mg/Kg) > Cd (0.012mg/kg) samples respectively. A pair wise t-test at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference in the levels of metals among the two samples means. The amounts of all selected essential Minerals especially (Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and toxic non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) concentration analyzed in all pumpkin seed, leaf and fruit were in the range of the recommended values of WHO/FAO and detection limit of the instrument used. The result indicates that, all parts of the plant (seed, leaf and fruit) are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of the Levels of Some Essential and Toxic Metals in Leaves, Seeds and Fruits of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo D.) Samples from Tepi South West Ethiopia
AU  - Biadg Fetene
AU  - Kassahun Assega
Y1  - 2022/12/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
T2  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JF  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
JO  - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology
SP  - 62
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20220702.13
AB  - Vegetables have since ancient times, played a very important role in human life; they have been used for food, traditional medicines, and source of fiber and other purposes and also as fodder for domestic animals. Data about chemical composition of pumpkin itself is still insufficient, especially regarding the mineral content of pumpkin. As a result of such circumstances, there is a need for determination of essential and toxic metals in leaves, seeds and fruit of pumpkin, which was the main goal of this research. First the leaves, fruits and seeds were collected, dried, and digested by wet digestion method and levels of metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by analyzing the digest of the spiked samples with standard solution and the percentage recoveries varied from 81.76% to 120.00%. The study found out that the levels of essential metals were in the order of Mg 454.280 mg/kg >Mn (202.222mg/kg > Fe (28.568mg/kg >Cu (23.600mg/kg) >Zn (7.673mg/kg) in the seed, Mg (255.233mg/kg) > Mn (187.360mg/kg) > Fe (31.467mg/kg) >Zn (11.93mg/kg) > Cu (8.200mg/kg) in the fruit Mg (524.60mg/kg) >Mn (190.222mg/kg) >Fe (34.62mg/kg) >Cu (20.01mg/kg) >Zn (8.62mg/kg) in the leaf samples respectively, whereas for non-essential metals the concentration of Cd was 0.147mg/kg >Pb (0.013mg/kg in the seed, Cd (0.088mg/kg) > Pb (0.014mg/kg) in the fruit and Pb (0.014mg/Kg) > Cd (0.012mg/kg) samples respectively. A pair wise t-test at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference in the levels of metals among the two samples means. The amounts of all selected essential Minerals especially (Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and toxic non-essential metals (Cd and Pb) concentration analyzed in all pumpkin seed, leaf and fruit were in the range of the recommended values of WHO/FAO and detection limit of the instrument used. The result indicates that, all parts of the plant (seed, leaf and fruit) are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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