Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of <i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju Afees John; Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju Afees John, Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 6 September 2017 Accepted: 28 September 2017 Published: 23 October 2017

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Abstract

Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
Page(s)	25-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chanca Piedra, Phyllanthus amarus, Kidney Damage, Nephrotoxicity, Cadmium

References

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Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju Afees John, Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. (2017). Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 3(4), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

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ACS Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju Afees John; Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2017, 3(4), 25-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

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AMA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju Afees John, Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2017;3(4):25-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12,
  author = {Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi and Olatunji Sunday Yinka and Owolabi Joshua Oladele and Olanrewaju Afees John and Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife},
  title = {Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {25-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  abstract = {Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals
AU  - Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi
AU  - Olatunji Sunday Yinka
AU  - Owolabi Joshua Oladele
AU  - Olanrewaju Afees John
AU  - Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife
Y1  - 2017/10/23
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 25
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
AB  - Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Olatunji Sunday Yinka

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Owolabi Joshua Oladele

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Olanrewaju Afees John

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria
Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife

Department of Anatomy, Ben Carson Senior School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria

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Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju Afees John, Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. (2017). Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 3(4), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

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ACS Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi; Olatunji Sunday Yinka; Owolabi Joshua Oladele; Olanrewaju Afees John; Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2017, 3(4), 25-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

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AMA Style

Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi, Olatunji Sunday Yinka, Owolabi Joshua Oladele, Olanrewaju Afees John, Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife. Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2017;3(4):25-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12,
  author = {Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi and Olatunji Sunday Yinka and Owolabi Joshua Oladele and Olanrewaju Afees John and Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife},
  title = {Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {25-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20170304.12},
  abstract = {Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Histomorphological Changes in Kidney Associated with the Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in Cadmium Induced Kidney Damage in Experimental Animals
AU  - Ogunnaike Philip Olubunmi
AU  - Olatunji Sunday Yinka
AU  - Owolabi Joshua Oladele
AU  - Olanrewaju Afees John
AU  - Baderinwa Deborah Boluwatife
Y1  - 2017/10/23
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 25
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20170304.12
AB  - Heavy metal poisoning is often as a result of prolonged occupational or domestic exposure to toxic metals and it is difficult to treat it immediately as the effects manifest over time. The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Chanca Piedra is a plant that has proven useful in assisting the treatment of various diseases. There have also been controversial claims on the effects of the plant on kidney stones and gall stones. Since cadmium is a very common nephrotoxic agent to which humans and animals are exposed frequently, this study has the potential to provide insight into the possible prophylactic and ameliorative effects of Chanca Piedra on kidney damage and it may also help in providing solutions to the problem of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of orally administered ethanolic extract of Chanca Piedra (CP) (Phyllantus amarus) against nephrotoxicity produced by cadmium (40mg/kg BW) sulphate in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus). Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into seven (7) groups of (n=6) as follows: Group A (control), Group B (40mg/kg BW), Group C (100mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group D (200mg/kg BW of CP + 40mg/kg BW), Group E (40mg/kg BW + 100mg/kg BW of CP), Group F (40mg/kg BW + 200mg/kg BW of CP), Group G (200mg/kg BW of CP). Both cadmium and Chanca piedra were administered orally through oro-gastric cannula. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration through cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the kidney were fixed in 10% formal saline for 24hrs and then processed for histological analysis. Histological analysis using H&E stain for general histoarchitecture and Masson’s Trichrome for collagen fibres, indicated alterations in cell morphology of all the treated groups. The findings indicated that the administration of CP extract has no prophylactic or ameliorative effects on Cd-induced kidney damage and that CP had observable adverse effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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