| Peer-Reviewed

Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases

Received: 3 December 2018     Accepted: 26 July 2019     Published: 31 August 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Introduction: Vascular dementia is a clinical syndrome that includes a wide range of cognitive spectrum caused by cerebrovascular disease. Different manifestations and risk factors have been reported in several publications. With the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation has been addressed and deepened in the study of this entity. With the development of the new repetitive magnetic stimulation equipment, the possibility of neuromodularity has been opened and the cortico-subcortical damage present has been rehabilitated, which constitutes a new approach into neurological terapeutics. Clinical Cases: We present two patients with vascular dementia, according to clinical and tomographic criteria. Which present cognitive alterations accompanied by behavioral disorders. Standardized tests are performed and subjected to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, using dementia and cerebrovascular disease protocols of the Actipulse PRO team. The patients were submitted to 40 sessions. Two months later, they underwent the same diagnostic tests and confirming cognitive improvement and executive functions. It was also demonstrated the improvement in the coexistence and social performance. Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a new method that is currently revolutionizing the treatment of some neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although its way of acting and duration of treatment is not yet standardized, it gives us a new way of neuromodular brain activity, and it is necessary to deepen new population studies to protocolize treatments.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11
Page(s) 16-19
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Vascular Dementia, Neuromodulation, Neurorehabilitation

References
[1] Giovanni Pennisi et al. A Review of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Vascular Dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2011; 31: 71-80.
[2] J. Llibre Rodriguez and Gutierrez Herrera and others. Dementias and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and the Caribbean. Cuban Revolution Public Health. 2014; 40 (3).
[3] Prince M, Guerchet M, Prina M. Policy Brief for Heads of Government: The Global Impact of Dementia 20132050. London: Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI); 2013 (cited 2013 Dec 20). Available from: http://www.alz.co.uk/research/GlobalImpactDementia2013.pdf.
[4] Snowdon DDA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR: Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease: The Nun Study. JAMA 1997; 277: 813-817.
[5] Kalaria R: Similarities between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J Neurol Sci 2002; 203-204: 29-34.
[6] Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, Palmertz B, Andreasson LA, Nilsson L, Persson G, Odén A, Svanborg A: 15 year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996; 347: 1141-1145.
[7] Premkumar DR, Cohen DL, Hedera P, Friedland RP, Kalaria RN: Apolipoprotein E-4 alleles in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cerebrovascular pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 2083-2095.
[8] Alexander G Murley et al. Neurotransmitter deficits from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain, Volume 141, Issue 5, May 1 2018, Pages 1263-1285.
[9] Nils Richter, Anne Michel et al. White matter lesions and the cholinergic deficit in aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging. Volume 53, May 207, pages 27-35.
[10] Román GC, Royall DR: Executive control function: a rational basis for the diagnosis of vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999; 13: S69- S80.
[11] Olazarán-Rodríguez J, Agüera-Ortiz LF, Muñiz-Schwochert R. Psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Rev Neurol 2012; 55: 598-608.
[12] Chibbaro G, Daniele M, Alagona G, Di Pasquale C, Cannavò M, Rapisarda V, Bella R, Pennisi G: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenic patients reporting auditory hallucinations. Neurosci Lett 2005; 383: 54-57.
[13] Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Lefaucheur JP, Cardenas-Morales L, Wolf RC, Kammer T, Herwig U: The value of neuronavigated rTMS for the treatment of depression. Neurophysiol Clin 2010; 40: 37-43.
[14] Pennisi G, Alagona G, Ferri R, Greco S, Sano- tonito D, Pappalardo A, Bella R: Motor cortex excitability in Alzheimer's disease: one-year follow-up study. Neurosci Lett 2002; 329: 293-296.
[15] Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Tonali PA, Marra 67 C, Daniele A, Profice P, Saturn E, Pilate F, Masullo C, Rothwell JC: Noninvasive in vivo assessment of cholinergic cortical circuits in AD using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 2002; 59: 392-397.
[16] Di Lazzaro V, Pilato F, Oliviero A, Dileone M, Saturn E, Mazzone P, Insola A, Profice P, Ranieri F, Capone F, Tonali PA, Rothwell JC: Origin of facilitation of motor evoked 77 potentials after paired magnetic stimulation: direct recording of epidural activity in conscious humans. J Neurophysiol 2006; 96: 78 1765-1771.
[17] Wang F, Geng X, Tao HY, Cheng Y: The restoration after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment on cognitive ability of vascular dementia rats and its on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 area. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 41: 145- 155.
[18] Escribano MB, Tunisia I. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a new therapeutic strategy in stroke. In: Castillo Sánchez J, Jiménez Martín I, editors. Functional reeducation after a stroke. Barcelona: Elsevier Spain, S. L. U; 2015. p. 121-133.
[19] Auriat AM, Neva JL, Peters S, Ferris JK, Boyd LA. A review of transcranial magnetic stimulation and multimodal neuroimaging to characterize post-stroke neuroplasticity. Front Neurol. 2015; 6: 226.
[20] Turkeltaub PE. Brain stimulation and the role of the right hemisphere in aphasia recovery. Curr Neurol Neurosc. Rep. 2015; 15: 72.
[21] Claflin ES, Krishnan C, Khot SP. Emerging treatments for motor rehabilitation after stroke. Neurohospitalist. 2015; 5: 77-88.
[22] Kobayashi M, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurol. 2003; 2: 145-56.
[23] Emara TH, Moustafa RR, Elnahas NM, Elganzoury AM, Abdo TA, Mohamed SA, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1 Hz and 5 Hz used to improve the motor function and disability after ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17: 1203-9.
[24] Bayón M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the rehabilitation of stroke. Rehabilitation (Madr). 2011; 45: 261-7.
[25] Rektorova et al. Cognitive functioning after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with cerebrovascular disease without dementia: a pilot study of seven patients. J Neurol Sci. 2005 Mar 15; 229-230.
[26] Cotelli, M., Manenti, R., Zanetti, O., & Miniussi, C. Non-pharmacological intervention for memory decline. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, (2012) 6 (46), 1-17.
[27] Felix Gervits et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of primary progressive aphasia: An open-label pilot study. Brain and Language. Volume 162, November 2016, Pages 35-41.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Perez Veitia, Jose Felix. (2020). Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 6(2), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Perez Veitia; Jose Felix. Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2020, 6(2), 16-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Perez Veitia, Jose Felix. Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2020;6(2):16-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11,
      author = {Perez Veitia and Jose Felix},
      title = {Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {16-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20200602.11},
      abstract = {Introduction: Vascular dementia is a clinical syndrome that includes a wide range of cognitive spectrum caused by cerebrovascular disease. Different manifestations and risk factors have been reported in several publications. With the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation has been addressed and deepened in the study of this entity. With the development of the new repetitive magnetic stimulation equipment, the possibility of neuromodularity has been opened and the cortico-subcortical damage present has been rehabilitated, which constitutes a new approach into neurological terapeutics. Clinical Cases: We present two patients with vascular dementia, according to clinical and tomographic criteria. Which present cognitive alterations accompanied by behavioral disorders. Standardized tests are performed and subjected to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, using dementia and cerebrovascular disease protocols of the Actipulse PRO team. The patients were submitted to 40 sessions. Two months later, they underwent the same diagnostic tests and confirming cognitive improvement and executive functions. It was also demonstrated the improvement in the coexistence and social performance. Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a new method that is currently revolutionizing the treatment of some neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although its way of acting and duration of treatment is not yet standardized, it gives us a new way of neuromodular brain activity, and it is necessary to deepen new population studies to protocolize treatments.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Repetitive Transcraneal Magnetic Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Vascular Dementia Report of 2 Cases
    AU  - Perez Veitia
    AU  - Jose Felix
    Y1  - 2020/08/31
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
    SP  - 16
    EP  - 19
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8008
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200602.11
    AB  - Introduction: Vascular dementia is a clinical syndrome that includes a wide range of cognitive spectrum caused by cerebrovascular disease. Different manifestations and risk factors have been reported in several publications. With the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation has been addressed and deepened in the study of this entity. With the development of the new repetitive magnetic stimulation equipment, the possibility of neuromodularity has been opened and the cortico-subcortical damage present has been rehabilitated, which constitutes a new approach into neurological terapeutics. Clinical Cases: We present two patients with vascular dementia, according to clinical and tomographic criteria. Which present cognitive alterations accompanied by behavioral disorders. Standardized tests are performed and subjected to treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, using dementia and cerebrovascular disease protocols of the Actipulse PRO team. The patients were submitted to 40 sessions. Two months later, they underwent the same diagnostic tests and confirming cognitive improvement and executive functions. It was also demonstrated the improvement in the coexistence and social performance. Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a new method that is currently revolutionizing the treatment of some neurological and psychiatric diseases. Although its way of acting and duration of treatment is not yet standardized, it gives us a new way of neuromodular brain activity, and it is necessary to deepen new population studies to protocolize treatments.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Neurology, Anahuac University, Cancun, Mexico

  • Neurology, Anahuac University, Cancun, Mexico

  • Sections