Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria

Eberemu Nkiru Charity; Edelduok Ekaette Godwin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria

Eberemu Nkiru Charity, Edelduok Ekaette Godwin

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 20 June 2021 Accepted: 1 July 2021 Published: 4 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

In developing countries, despite the availability of proven interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, HIV in children is still a largely uncontrolled epidemic. Data of infants were collected from infant’s medical record and mother’s history charts from four states in North central part of Nigeria. Socio-demographic data such as age, occupation, place of delivery and mode of delivery and the rate prevalence in different states were also collected. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test with 95% confidence intervals and p-value (0.05). Out of one thousand four hundred and sixteen data collected on mode of child birth, the percentage mother to child transmission on children delivered through vaginal and cesarean surgery were 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Children delivered at home had the highest percentage HIV infection at 19.7%; while children delivered at private hospital had the lowest 16.5%. Younger mothers between the ages of 17-25 had the highest rate of mother to child transmission. Benue and Plateau states had the highest rate of mother to child transmission 21.7% and 20.4%, respectively compared to Nassarawa and Bauchi with infection rate 13.2 and 12.7%, respectively. The data collected in this study demonstrate the factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV in some states in north central Nigeria.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
Page(s)	29-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV, Mother to Child Transmission, Prevalence

References

[1]	ACOG (2018). Labour and Delivery management of women with human immunodeficiency virus infection. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 132: 131-137.
[2]	Adebowale, N. (2019) Akwa Ibom ranks highest in HIV prevalence rate in Nigeria. Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/320411-akwa-ibom-ranks-highest-in-hiv-prevalence-rate-in-nigeria.html. Accessed April 2020.
[3]	Adedokun S and Uthman O (2019) Women who have not utilized health Service for Delivery in Nigeria: Who are they and where do they live? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2242-6.
[4]	AID Sinfo (2020) Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. INfor https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/20/50/preventing-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv. Accessed May 2020.
[5]	Akinyemi JO, Afolabi RF, Awolude OA. (2016). Patterns and determinants of dropout from maternity care continuum in Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16: 282.
[6]	Alemu YM, Habtewold TD, Alemu SM (2018) Mother’s knowledge on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Ethiopia: A cross sectional study. PLoS ONE 13 (9): e0203043. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203043.
[7]	Avert (2017) Global information and education on HIV and AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV.
[8]	Avert (2019) Global information and education on HIV and AIDS; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/prevention-mother-child. Accessed March 2020.
[9]	Avert (2019b). Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Accessed April 2020.
[10]	Bekker, L. G., Alleyne, G., Baral, S., Cepede, J. Daskalakis, D., Dowdy, D. … and Beyrer, C. (2018). Advancing global health and strengthening the HIV response in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals: the International AIDS Society Lancet Commission. Lancet392, 312–358.
[11]	Buzdugan, R., McCoy, S. I., Webb, K., Mushayi, A., Mahomya, A., Padian, NS and Cowan, FM. (2015). Facility-based delivery in the context of Zimbabwe’s HIV epidemic – missed opportunities for improving engagement with care: a community-based serosurvey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth15, 338. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0782-y.
[12]	Chea SK, Mwangi TW, Ndirangu KK, Abdullahi OA, Munywoki PK, Abubakar A, and Hassan AS. (2018) Prevalence and correlates of home delivery amongst HIV-infected women attending care at a rural public health facility in Coastal Kenya. PLoS ONE 13 (3): e0194028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194028.
[13]	Cohen, J and Friedman, M (2018) Story: Nigeria Has More HIV-Infected Babies Than Anywhere in the World. It’s a Distinction No Country Wants. Science Magazine. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/nigeria-has-more-hiv-infected-babies-anywhere-world-it-s-distinction-no-country-wants. Accessed April 2020.
[14]	Dadonaite, B (2019). Antiretroviral therapy has saved millions of lives from AIDS and could save more. https://ourworldindata.org/art-lives-saved.
[15]	Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Cork, M. A., Sligar, A. Steuben, KM, Wilson, KF.,.. and Hay, S. (2019). Mapping HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2017. Nature, 570, 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1200-9.
[16]	Egbe, T. O., Tchente, C. N., Nkwele G. M., Nyemb, J. E., Barla, E. M. and Balley-Priso, E. (2017). Cesarean delivery technique among HIV positive women with sub-optimal antenatal care uptake at the Douala general hospital Cameroon: a case report. BMC Research Note, 10; 332. Doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2639-0.
[17]	Envuladu EA, Agbo HA, Lassa S, et al. (2013). Factors determining the choice of a place of delivery among pregnant women in Russia village of Jos North, Nigeria: achieving the MDGs 4 and 5. International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 2 (1): 23–7.
[18]	European Collaborative Study (2005). Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40 (3): 458–465.
[19]	European Collaborative Study (2010). Mode of delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women and prevention of mother-to-child transmission: changing practices in Western Europe. HIV Medicine, 11 (6): 368–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00800.x.
[20]	Fantaye AW, Gunawardena N, Yaya S (2019) Preferences for formal and traditional sources of childbirth and postnatal care among women in rural Africa: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 14 (9): e0222110. https://doi.org/10.1371/.
[21]	Fondoh VN, Mom NA. (2017). Mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its predictors among HIV-exposed infants at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon Africa. African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 6 (1), a589. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.589.
[22]	GBD 2017 HIV Collaborators (2019). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980–2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study. Lancet HIV. 6 (12), e831-e859.
[23]	Henin Y, Mandelbrot L, Henrion R, Pradinaud R, Coulaud JP, Montagnier L (1993). Virus excretion in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant and nonpregnant HIV-infected women. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6: 72-75.
[24]	Kalish LA, Pitt J, Lew JF and Landesman S. (1997). Defining the time of fetal or perinatal acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the basis of age at first positive culture. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 175: 712-715.
[25]	Kinuthia J, Kohler P, Okanda J, Otieno G, Odhiambo F, John-Stewart G. (2015). A community-based assessment of correlates of facility delivery among HIV-infected women in western Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15: 46.
[26]	Koye, D. N., Zeleke, B. M. (2013). Mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its predictors among HIV-exposed infants at a PMTCT clinic in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 13, 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-398.
[27]	Mark S, Murphy, KE, Read, S, Birnun, A and Yudin, MH (2012) HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission, Mode of Delivery, and Duration of Rupture of Membranes: Experience in the Current Era. Infectious Diseases and Gynecology. Article ID 267969 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/267969.
[28]	Merga H, Woldemichael K, Dube L (2016) Utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services and Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Attending Mothers in Sebeta Town, Central Ethiopia. Advances in Public Health, 2016: 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6250898.
[29]	NACA (2017). National Strategic Framework on HIV and AIDS: 2017-2021 (Pdf).
[30]	NACA (2019). Revised National HIV and AIDS Strategic Framework 2019-2021 Pdf.
[31]	Ngwende, S., Gombe, N. T., Midzi, S., Tshimanga, M., Shambira, G and Chadambuka, A. (2013). Factors associated with HIV infection among children born to mothers on the prevention of mother to child transmission programme at Chitungwiza Hospital, Zimbabwe, 2008. BMC Public Health, 13: 1181 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1181.
[32]	Rouzioux C, Costagliola D, Burgard M, Blanche S, Mayaux MJ, Griscelli C and Velleron AJ (1995). Estimated timing of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission by use of a Marcov model. The HIV infection in newborns French Collaborative Study Group. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142 (12): 1330-1337.
[33]	Sam-Agudu, N. A., Isah, C., Fan-Osuala, C. Erekaha, S., Ramadhani, HO., Anaba., U, Olusegun. A. A., Manji-Obadiah. G., Lee, D., Cornelius, L. J. and Chaurat, M. (2017). Correlates of facility delivery for rural HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in the MoMent Nigeria prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17, 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1417-2.
[34]	Tsehay, A K (2019). Risk of HIV and associated factors among infants born to HIV-positive women in northwest Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 33 (1): 53-58.
[35]	UNAIDS (2014). The Gap Report (Pdf).
[36]	UNAIDS (2016). Prevention Gap Report (Pdf).
[37]	UNAIDS (2017). When women lead change happens: women advancing the end of AIDS (Pdf).
[38]	UNAIDS (2018). UNAIDS data. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/unaids-data-2018_en.pdf Accessed April 2020.
[39]	UNIADS (2019). Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2019 fact sheet. Accessed April 2020. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
[40]	UNAIDS (2019b) UNAID Data 2019: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2019-UNAIDS-data_en.pdf
[41]	UNAIDS (2019c). Press release: New survey results indicate that Nigeria has an HIV prevalence of 1.4% (pdf).
[42]	WHO and UNAIDS (1998). HIV in Pregnancy: A Review Pdf. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/jc151-hiv-in-pregnancy_en_1.pdf
[43]	WHO (2008). Early detection of HIV infection in infants and children, Guidance note on the selection of technology for the early diagnosis of HIV in infants and children: Summary of recommendations. Essential Health Technologies. https://www.who.int/hiv/paediatric/EarlydiagnostictestingforHIVVer_Final_May07.pdf Accessed April 2020.
[44]	WHO (2018). Mother to child transmission of HIV. https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/mtct/en/ Accessed April 2020.
[45]	WHO (2020). Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data: Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission. http://www10.who.int/gho/hiv/epidemic_response/PMTCT/en/
[46]	WHO (2020b) HIV/AIDS: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/hivaidsAccessed April 2020.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity, Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. (2021). Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 7(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity; Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2021, 7(2), 29-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity, Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2021;7(2):29-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12,
  author = {Eberemu Nkiru Charity and Edelduok Ekaette Godwin},
  title = {Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {29-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  abstract = {In developing countries, despite the availability of proven interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, HIV in children is still a largely uncontrolled epidemic. Data of infants were collected from infant’s medical record and mother’s history charts from four states in North central part of Nigeria. Socio-demographic data such as age, occupation, place of delivery and mode of delivery and the rate prevalence in different states were also collected. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test with 95% confidence intervals and p-value (0.05). Out of one thousand four hundred and sixteen data collected on mode of child birth, the percentage mother to child transmission on children delivered through vaginal and cesarean surgery were 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Children delivered at home had the highest percentage HIV infection at 19.7%; while children delivered at private hospital had the lowest 16.5%. Younger mothers between the ages of 17-25 had the highest rate of mother to child transmission. Benue and Plateau states had the highest rate of mother to child transmission 21.7% and 20.4%, respectively compared to Nassarawa and Bauchi with infection rate 13.2 and 12.7%, respectively. The data collected in this study demonstrate the factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV in some states in north central Nigeria.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria
AU  - Eberemu Nkiru Charity
AU  - Edelduok Ekaette Godwin
Y1  - 2021/08/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 29
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
AB  - In developing countries, despite the availability of proven interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, HIV in children is still a largely uncontrolled epidemic. Data of infants were collected from infant’s medical record and mother’s history charts from four states in North central part of Nigeria. Socio-demographic data such as age, occupation, place of delivery and mode of delivery and the rate prevalence in different states were also collected. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test with 95% confidence intervals and p-value (0.05). Out of one thousand four hundred and sixteen data collected on mode of child birth, the percentage mother to child transmission on children delivered through vaginal and cesarean surgery were 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Children delivered at home had the highest percentage HIV infection at 19.7%; while children delivered at private hospital had the lowest 16.5%. Younger mothers between the ages of 17-25 had the highest rate of mother to child transmission. Benue and Plateau states had the highest rate of mother to child transmission 21.7% and 20.4%, respectively compared to Nassarawa and Bauchi with infection rate 13.2 and 12.7%, respectively. The data collected in this study demonstrate the factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV in some states in north central Nigeria.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Eberemu Nkiru Charity

Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
Edelduok Ekaette Godwin

Department of Zoology, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity, Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. (2021). Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 7(2), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity; Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2021, 7(2), 29-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eberemu Nkiru Charity, Edelduok Ekaette Godwin. Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2021;7(2):29-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12,
  author = {Eberemu Nkiru Charity and Edelduok Ekaette Godwin},
  title = {Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {29-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20210702.12},
  abstract = {In developing countries, despite the availability of proven interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, HIV in children is still a largely uncontrolled epidemic. Data of infants were collected from infant’s medical record and mother’s history charts from four states in North central part of Nigeria. Socio-demographic data such as age, occupation, place of delivery and mode of delivery and the rate prevalence in different states were also collected. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test with 95% confidence intervals and p-value (0.05). Out of one thousand four hundred and sixteen data collected on mode of child birth, the percentage mother to child transmission on children delivered through vaginal and cesarean surgery were 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Children delivered at home had the highest percentage HIV infection at 19.7%; while children delivered at private hospital had the lowest 16.5%. Younger mothers between the ages of 17-25 had the highest rate of mother to child transmission. Benue and Plateau states had the highest rate of mother to child transmission 21.7% and 20.4%, respectively compared to Nassarawa and Bauchi with infection rate 13.2 and 12.7%, respectively. The data collected in this study demonstrate the factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV in some states in north central Nigeria.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Some Factors Associated with Mother to Child HIV Transmission in Some States in the North Central Part of Nigeria
AU  - Eberemu Nkiru Charity
AU  - Edelduok Ekaette Godwin
Y1  - 2021/08/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy
SP  - 29
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20210702.12
AB  - In developing countries, despite the availability of proven interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, HIV in children is still a largely uncontrolled epidemic. Data of infants were collected from infant’s medical record and mother’s history charts from four states in North central part of Nigeria. Socio-demographic data such as age, occupation, place of delivery and mode of delivery and the rate prevalence in different states were also collected. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test with 95% confidence intervals and p-value (0.05). Out of one thousand four hundred and sixteen data collected on mode of child birth, the percentage mother to child transmission on children delivered through vaginal and cesarean surgery were 17.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Children delivered at home had the highest percentage HIV infection at 19.7%; while children delivered at private hospital had the lowest 16.5%. Younger mothers between the ages of 17-25 had the highest rate of mother to child transmission. Benue and Plateau states had the highest rate of mother to child transmission 21.7% and 20.4%, respectively compared to Nassarawa and Bauchi with infection rate 13.2 and 12.7%, respectively. The data collected in this study demonstrate the factors associated with mother to child transmission of HIV in some states in north central Nigeria.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download