Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health

Ilma Robo; Oresto Çuni; Ermelinda Gina; Saimir Heta; Luan Mavriqi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health

Ilma Robo, Oresto Çuni, Ermelinda Gina, Saimir Heta, Luan Mavriqi

Published in International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 27 December 2017 Accepted: 9 February 2018 Published: 6 March 2018

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Abstract

Oral health workers should be alert about the dangers of marijuana use in the screening of oral pathologies and methods of administration of similar clinical cases. The use of marijuana is for medicinal and recreational reasons. It is already known, and based on the literature, this plant causes besides medicinal advantages, oral health pathologies also. For carrying out the study, was committed a group of students, who examined clinically, 3 patients, that later were diagnosed. Reduced saliva, influenced by use of marijuana, encourages the show of xerostomia. In this way, this plant is a favorable factor for caries that at examined patients was currently, more than at 5 teeth. Dysplastic changes in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa were appearing as the result of the action of chemical factors of marijuana smoke. Inflammation of the gums, gingivitis sometimes called "fiery red", is the lesion that causes great pain. The use of anesthesia with epinephrine during dental procedures, to users of marijuana may cause acute anxiety or tachycardia. Candinda Albicans was promoted as the result of the presence of carbon hydroxide at the smoke of marijuana. Chronic marijuana usage causes pathologies mentioned above, at individuals who do not treat in time. Counseling and education of oral health workers and individual users or not, about these pathologies, represents the largest contribution in diagnostic routine oral work.

Published in	International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11
Page(s)	1-4
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Marijuana, Oral Health, Pathology, Awareness, Chronic Use

References

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[2]	NASADAD•1025 Connecticut AveNW, Ste.605 • Washington, DC 20036 • T: (202) 293-0090• F: (202) 293-1250 • Website: www.nasadad.org.
[3]	D. K. Gautam, V. Jindal, S. C. Gupta, A.Tuli, B.Kotwal, and R. Thakur, “Effect of cigarette smoking on the periodontal health status: A comparative, cross sectional study,” J. Indian Soc. Periodontol., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 383–387, Oct. 2011. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.92575; PMid: 22368364; PMCid: PMC3283937.
[4]	Iversen L. (The science of Marijuana) USA: oxford university press, 2000.
[5]	Ashton CH. Pharmacology and effect of cannabis: a brief review. Br J psychiatry 2001
[6]	Iversen L. (Cannabis and the Brain); 2003.
[7]	Thomson WM1, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Beck JD, Welch D, Hancox RJ. ” Cannabis smoking and periodontal disease among young adults”; JAMA. 2008 Feb 6;299(5):525-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.5.525.
[8]	Hashibe M1, Straif K, Tashkin DP, Morgenstern H, Greenland S, Zhang ZF.; “Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk”; Alcohol. 2005 Apr;35(3):265-75.
[9]	Kumar RN, Chambers WA, pertwee RG. Pharmacological actions and theraupetic use of cannabis Anaesthesia 2001.
[10]	Darling MR, Arendorf TM. Review of the effect of cannabis smoking on oral health. int dent j 1992.
[11]	Pacifici R, Zuccaro p, Pichini s, et al. Modulation of the immune system in cannabis users. JAMA 2003.
[12]	Momen-Heravi F, Kang P.; “Management of cannabis-induced periodontitis via resective surgical therapy: A clinical report”; J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Mar;148(3):179-184. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.009. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
[13]	Haroutounian S, Ratz Y, Ginosar Y, Furmanov K, Saifi F, Meidan R, Davidson E.; “The Effect of Medicinal Cannabis on Pain and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Chronic Pain: A Prospective Open-label Study.”; Clin J Pain. 2016 Dec;32(12):1036-1043.

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APA Style

Ilma Robo, Oresto Çuni, Ermelinda Gina, Saimir Heta, Luan Mavriqi. (2018). Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 4(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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ACS Style

Ilma Robo; Oresto Çuni; Ermelinda Gina; Saimir Heta; Luan Mavriqi. Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2018, 4(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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AMA Style

Ilma Robo, Oresto Çuni, Ermelinda Gina, Saimir Heta, Luan Mavriqi. Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. Int J Dent Med. 2018;4(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11,
  author = {Ilma Robo and Oresto Çuni and Ermelinda Gina and Saimir Heta and Luan Mavriqi},
  title = {Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  abstract = {Oral health workers should be alert about the dangers of marijuana use in the screening of oral pathologies and methods of administration of similar clinical cases. The use of marijuana is for medicinal and recreational reasons. It is already known, and based on the literature, this plant causes besides medicinal advantages, oral health pathologies also. For carrying out the study, was committed a group of students, who examined clinically, 3 patients, that later were diagnosed. Reduced saliva, influenced by use of marijuana, encourages the show of xerostomia. In this way, this plant is a favorable factor for caries that at examined patients was currently, more than at 5 teeth. Dysplastic changes in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa were appearing as the result of the action of chemical factors of marijuana smoke. Inflammation of the gums, gingivitis sometimes called "fiery red", is the lesion that causes great pain. The use of anesthesia with epinephrine during dental procedures, to users of marijuana may cause acute anxiety or tachycardia. Candinda Albicans was promoted as the result of the presence of carbon hydroxide at the smoke of marijuana. Chronic marijuana usage causes pathologies mentioned above, at individuals who do not treat in time. Counseling and education of oral health workers and individual users or not, about these pathologies, represents the largest contribution in diagnostic routine oral work.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health
AU - Ilma Robo
AU - Oresto Çuni
AU - Ermelinda Gina
AU - Saimir Heta
AU - Luan Mavriqi
Y1 - 2018/03/06
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11
T2 - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JF - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JO - International Journal of Dental Medicine
SP - 1
EP - 4
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-1387
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11
AB - Oral health workers should be alert about the dangers of marijuana use in the screening of oral pathologies and methods of administration of similar clinical cases. The use of marijuana is for medicinal and recreational reasons. It is already known, and based on the literature, this plant causes besides medicinal advantages, oral health pathologies also. For carrying out the study, was committed a group of students, who examined clinically, 3 patients, that later were diagnosed. Reduced saliva, influenced by use of marijuana, encourages the show of xerostomia. In this way, this plant is a favorable factor for caries that at examined patients was currently, more than at 5 teeth. Dysplastic changes in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa were appearing as the result of the action of chemical factors of marijuana smoke. Inflammation of the gums, gingivitis sometimes called "fiery red", is the lesion that causes great pain. The use of anesthesia with epinephrine during dental procedures, to users of marijuana may cause acute anxiety or tachycardia. Candinda Albicans was promoted as the result of the presence of carbon hydroxide at the smoke of marijuana. Chronic marijuana usage causes pathologies mentioned above, at individuals who do not treat in time. Counseling and education of oral health workers and individual users or not, about these pathologies, represents the largest contribution in diagnostic routine oral work.
VL - 4
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Ilma Robo

Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania
Oresto Çuni
Ermelinda Gina

Private Dental Clinic, Tirana, Albania
Saimir Heta

University Hospital Center, Pediatric Surgery, Tirana, Albania
Luan Mavriqi

Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania

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APA Style

Ilma Robo, Oresto Çuni, Ermelinda Gina, Saimir Heta, Luan Mavriqi. (2018). Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 4(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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ACS Style

Ilma Robo; Oresto Çuni; Ermelinda Gina; Saimir Heta; Luan Mavriqi. Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2018, 4(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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AMA Style

Ilma Robo, Oresto Çuni, Ermelinda Gina, Saimir Heta, Luan Mavriqi. Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health. Int J Dent Med. 2018;4(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11,
  author = {Ilma Robo and Oresto Çuni and Ermelinda Gina and Saimir Heta and Luan Mavriqi},
  title = {Marijuana Usage, the Effects in Oral Health},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-4},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20180401.11},
  abstract = {Oral health workers should be alert about the dangers of marijuana use in the screening of oral pathologies and methods of administration of similar clinical cases. The use of marijuana is for medicinal and recreational reasons. It is already known, and based on the literature, this plant causes besides medicinal advantages, oral health pathologies also. For carrying out the study, was committed a group of students, who examined clinically, 3 patients, that later were diagnosed. Reduced saliva, influenced by use of marijuana, encourages the show of xerostomia. In this way, this plant is a favorable factor for caries that at examined patients was currently, more than at 5 teeth. Dysplastic changes in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa were appearing as the result of the action of chemical factors of marijuana smoke. Inflammation of the gums, gingivitis sometimes called "fiery red", is the lesion that causes great pain. The use of anesthesia with epinephrine during dental procedures, to users of marijuana may cause acute anxiety or tachycardia. Candinda Albicans was promoted as the result of the presence of carbon hydroxide at the smoke of marijuana. Chronic marijuana usage causes pathologies mentioned above, at individuals who do not treat in time. Counseling and education of oral health workers and individual users or not, about these pathologies, represents the largest contribution in diagnostic routine oral work.},
 year = {2018}
}

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