Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo; Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe; Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless; Thierry Oscar Seki; Aminata Bakayoko; Therese Kouassi Agbessi; Christophe N’cho Amin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo, Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe, Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless, Thierry Oscar Seki, Aminata Bakayoko, Therese Kouassi Agbessi, Christophe N’cho Amin

Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 22 August 2022 Accepted: 16 September 2022 Published: 29 September 2022

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Abstract

In M'pody village of Anyama district, an epidemic of diarrhoea was detected in January 2020. These cases of diarrhea would be linked, according to the population concerned, to the consumption of water from the improved village hydraulic system (IVH), which has not been maintained for nearly 3 years. The objective is spatio-temporal assessment of the quality of drinking water in M'pody. The methodology consisted in carrying out four campaigns to collect water samples from well, rivers and the single borehole. Classical physico-chemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was carried out using membrane filtration technique. Results showed that the waters analyzed were weakly mineralized and all contained germs that were indicators of faecal pollution. The parameters implicated in the non-potability of the well, borehole and river water during the four seasons concerned turbidity, pH, nitrite, ammonium, total iron and the following germs: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Furthermore, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) resulted in four classes. Class I is made up of 68.05% of samples in the database. Class II comprises 21.18%, Class III contains 2.77% and class IV represents 7.98% of the samples. To limit water pollution, the following measures should be recommended: isolate the deep aquifers from the superficial aquifers by resistant casing, protect roof from external contributions, install sanitation facilities downstream of wells and boreholes, move waste dumps and latrines away from wells and boreholes.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
Page(s)	42-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Well, River and Borehole Water, Spatio-Temporal, Quality of Drinking Water, Physicochemical, Microbiological

References

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Aubin Tchape Gbagbo, Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe, Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless, Thierry Oscar Seki, Aminata Bakayoko, et al. (2022). Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 6(2), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

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Aubin Tchape Gbagbo; Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe; Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless; Thierry Oscar Seki; Aminata Bakayoko, et al. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2022, 6(2), 42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

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Aubin Tchape Gbagbo, Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe, Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless, Thierry Oscar Seki, Aminata Bakayoko, et al. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). Int J Environ Chem. 2022;6(2):42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12,
  author = {Aubin Tchape Gbagbo and Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe and Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless and Thierry Oscar Seki and Aminata Bakayoko and Therese Kouassi Agbessi and Christophe N’cho Amin},
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20220602.12},
  abstract = {In M'pody village of Anyama district, an epidemic of diarrhoea was detected in January 2020. These cases of diarrhea would be linked, according to the population concerned, to the consumption of water from the improved village hydraulic system (IVH), which has not been maintained for nearly 3 years. The objective is spatio-temporal assessment of the quality of drinking water in M'pody. The methodology consisted in carrying out four campaigns to collect water samples from well, rivers and the single borehole. Classical physico-chemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was carried out using membrane filtration technique. Results showed that the waters analyzed were weakly mineralized and all contained germs that were indicators of faecal pollution. The parameters implicated in the non-potability of the well, borehole and river water during the four seasons concerned turbidity, pH, nitrite, ammonium, total iron and the following germs: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Furthermore, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) resulted in four classes. Class I is made up of 68.05% of samples in the database. Class II comprises 21.18%, Class III contains 2.77% and class IV represents 7.98% of the samples. To limit water pollution, the following measures should be recommended: isolate the deep aquifers from the superficial aquifers by resistant casing, protect roof from external contributions, install sanitation facilities downstream of wells and boreholes, move waste dumps and latrines away from wells and boreholes.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)
AU  - Aubin Tchape Gbagbo
AU  - Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe
AU  - Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless
AU  - Thierry Oscar Seki
AU  - Aminata Bakayoko
AU  - Therese Kouassi Agbessi
AU  - Christophe N’cho Amin
Y1  - 2022/09/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 42
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
AB  - In M'pody village of Anyama district, an epidemic of diarrhoea was detected in January 2020. These cases of diarrhea would be linked, according to the population concerned, to the consumption of water from the improved village hydraulic system (IVH), which has not been maintained for nearly 3 years. The objective is spatio-temporal assessment of the quality of drinking water in M'pody. The methodology consisted in carrying out four campaigns to collect water samples from well, rivers and the single borehole. Classical physico-chemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was carried out using membrane filtration technique. Results showed that the waters analyzed were weakly mineralized and all contained germs that were indicators of faecal pollution. The parameters implicated in the non-potability of the well, borehole and river water during the four seasons concerned turbidity, pH, nitrite, ammonium, total iron and the following germs: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Furthermore, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) resulted in four classes. Class I is made up of 68.05% of samples in the database. Class II comprises 21.18%, Class III contains 2.77% and class IV represents 7.98% of the samples. To limit water pollution, the following measures should be recommended: isolate the deep aquifers from the superficial aquifers by resistant casing, protect roof from external contributions, install sanitation facilities downstream of wells and boreholes, move waste dumps and latrines away from wells and boreholes.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Thierry Oscar Seki

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Aminata Bakayoko

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Therese Kouassi Agbessi

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Christophe N’cho Amin

Laboratory of water and Food Analysis, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

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APA Style

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo, Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe, Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless, Thierry Oscar Seki, Aminata Bakayoko, et al. (2022). Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 6(2), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

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ACS Style

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo; Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe; Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless; Thierry Oscar Seki; Aminata Bakayoko, et al. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2022, 6(2), 42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

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AMA Style

Aubin Tchape Gbagbo, Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe, Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless, Thierry Oscar Seki, Aminata Bakayoko, et al. Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast). Int J Environ Chem. 2022;6(2):42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12,
  author = {Aubin Tchape Gbagbo and Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe and Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless and Thierry Oscar Seki and Aminata Bakayoko and Therese Kouassi Agbessi and Christophe N’cho Amin},
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20220602.12},
  abstract = {In M'pody village of Anyama district, an epidemic of diarrhoea was detected in January 2020. These cases of diarrhea would be linked, according to the population concerned, to the consumption of water from the improved village hydraulic system (IVH), which has not been maintained for nearly 3 years. The objective is spatio-temporal assessment of the quality of drinking water in M'pody. The methodology consisted in carrying out four campaigns to collect water samples from well, rivers and the single borehole. Classical physico-chemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was carried out using membrane filtration technique. Results showed that the waters analyzed were weakly mineralized and all contained germs that were indicators of faecal pollution. The parameters implicated in the non-potability of the well, borehole and river water during the four seasons concerned turbidity, pH, nitrite, ammonium, total iron and the following germs: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Furthermore, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) resulted in four classes. Class I is made up of 68.05% of samples in the database. Class II comprises 21.18%, Class III contains 2.77% and class IV represents 7.98% of the samples. To limit water pollution, the following measures should be recommended: isolate the deep aquifers from the superficial aquifers by resistant casing, protect roof from external contributions, install sanitation facilities downstream of wells and boreholes, move waste dumps and latrines away from wells and boreholes.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Quality of Drinking Water in M'pody, a Village in the District of Anyama (Ivory Coast)
AU  - Aubin Tchape Gbagbo
AU  - Philippe Andre Sawa Kpaibe
AU  - Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless
AU  - Thierry Oscar Seki
AU  - Aminata Bakayoko
AU  - Therese Kouassi Agbessi
AU  - Christophe N’cho Amin
Y1  - 2022/09/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 42
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20220602.12
AB  - In M'pody village of Anyama district, an epidemic of diarrhoea was detected in January 2020. These cases of diarrhea would be linked, according to the population concerned, to the consumption of water from the improved village hydraulic system (IVH), which has not been maintained for nearly 3 years. The objective is spatio-temporal assessment of the quality of drinking water in M'pody. The methodology consisted in carrying out four campaigns to collect water samples from well, rivers and the single borehole. Classical physico-chemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was carried out using membrane filtration technique. Results showed that the waters analyzed were weakly mineralized and all contained germs that were indicators of faecal pollution. The parameters implicated in the non-potability of the well, borehole and river water during the four seasons concerned turbidity, pH, nitrite, ammonium, total iron and the following germs: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Furthermore, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) resulted in four classes. Class I is made up of 68.05% of samples in the database. Class II comprises 21.18%, Class III contains 2.77% and class IV represents 7.98% of the samples. To limit water pollution, the following measures should be recommended: isolate the deep aquifers from the superficial aquifers by resistant casing, protect roof from external contributions, install sanitation facilities downstream of wells and boreholes, move waste dumps and latrines away from wells and boreholes.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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