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Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México

Received: 30 November 2023     Accepted: 14 December 2023     Published: 26 December 2023
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Abstract

Water quality is essential and indispensable for human and environmental health, however, the growing demand for water resources to satisfy needs has become a global problem and a priority for public health, due to water discharges. waste without any treatment, which has caused a decrease in the availability and contamination of surface and groundwater. Because the supply of water for human use and consumption must have adequate quality to prevent and avoid the transmission of diseases. The physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water from 3 underground wells that supply the population of Chilpancingo was evaluated, and it was determined if it is suitable for human use and consumption. The parameters that were determined were pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrites, Nitrates, Sulfates, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms, in addition to the presence of Escherichia coli and Fecal Streptococci. The results indicated that the water from the three wells that supply the population does not comply with the Maximum Permissible Limits, established by NOM-127-SSA1-1994. The presence of Escherichia coli and fecal Streptococci are an indicator of fecal contamination from human sources or warm-blooded animals, which is why this water is not suitable for human consumption and is considered unsafe for the health of the population.

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12
Page(s) 54-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Pollution, Groundwater, Public Health, Escherichia coli

References
[1] Martínez-Orgániz, A., García-Ramos, U., Sampedro-Rosas, M. L., González-González, J., Nava-Faustino, G. y Toribio-Jiménez, J. Patotipos y resistencia a antibióticos de Escherichia coli en agua residual [Pathotypes and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in wastewater]. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental. 2020, 36(4), 958-966. doi: 10.20937/rica.53711.
[2] Mballa, L. V. y Hernandez-Espericueta, F. Las políticas públicas de abastecimiento de agua potable y saneamiento para la localidad de Escalerillas, San Luis Potosí – México: escenarios y percepción ciudadana [Public policies of drinking water supply and sanitation for the town of Escalerillas, San Luis Potosí - Mexico: scenarios and citizen perception]. Agua y Territorio. 2018, (11), 137-152, doi: 10.17561/at.11.3378.
[3] Bagatin, R., Klemeš, J. J., Reverberi, A. P., Huisingh, D. Conservation and improvements in water resource management: a global challenge. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014, 1(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.027.
[4] Bain, R., Johnston, R., Scharp, C., Hossain, R., Gordon, B., Wijesekera, S. Water, sanitation and hygiene. In The United Nations world water development report 2015: water for a sustainable world. Paris: UNESCO; 2015, pp. 37-41.
[5] Koncagül, E., Tran, M., Connor, R., Uhlenbrook, S. The United Nations world water development report 2019: leaving no one behind, executive summary. Paris: UNESCO; 2019.
[6] Peranovich, A. Enfermedades transmitidas por el agua en Argentina y Brasil a principios del siglo XXI [Waterborne diseases in Argentina and Brazil in the beginning of the 21st century]. Saúde e Sociedade. 2019, 28(2), 297-309. doi: 10.1590/S0104-12902019180378.
[7] Rock, C., Rivera, B. La Calidad del agua, E. coli y su salud [Water Quality, E. coli and your Health]. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2014, 1-5.
[8] Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-127-SSA1-1994, “Salud ambiental, agua para uso y consumo humano-limites permisibles de calidad y tratamientos a que debe someterse el agua para su potabilizacion" [Environmental health, water for human use and consumption-permissible quality limits and treatments to which water must be subjected for its potabilization]. Available from: https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4866379&fecha=18/01/1996#gsc.tab=0. [Accessed 25 November 2023].
[9] INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática). Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 [Census of Population and Housing 2020]. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/cpv/2020/resultadosrapidos/default.html?texto=Bravo. [Accessed 25 November 2023].
[10] Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana. NOM-014-SSA1-1993 “Procedimientos sanitarios para el muestreo de agua para uso y consumo humano en sistemas de abastecimiento de agua públicos y privados” [Sanitary procedures for sampling water for human use and consumption in public and private water supply systems]. Available from: https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4801645&fecha=12/11/1993#gsc.tab=0. [Accessed 25 November 2023].
[11] Secretaría de Economía. Norma Mexicana. NMX-AA-042-SCFI-2015 “Análisis de agua – enumeración de organismos coliformes totales, organismos coliformes fecales (termotolerantes) y Escherichia coli, método del número más probable en tubos múltiples” [Water analysis - enumeration of total coliform organisms, fecal coliform organisms (thermotolerant) and Escherichia coli, most probable number method in multiple tubes]. Available from: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166147/nmx-aa-042-scfi-2015.pdf. [Accessed 25 November 2023].
[12] De Miguel-Fernández, C., Vázquez-Taset, Y. M. Origen de los nitratos (NO3) y nitritos (NO2) y su influencia en la potabilidad de las aguas subterráneas [Origin of nitrates (NO3) and nitrites (NO2) and their influence on groundwater potability]. Minería y Geología. 2006, 22(3), 1-9.
[13] Brousett-Minaya, M. Chambi, A., Mollocondo, M., Aguilar, L., Lujano, E. Evaluación Físico Química y Microbiológica de Agua para Consumo Humano Puno – Perú [Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Water for Human Consumption Puno – Peru]. Revista de Difusión cultural y científica de la Universidad La Salle en Bolivia. 2018, 15, 47-68.
[14] Franzolin, M. R., Alves, R. C., Keller, R., Gomes, T. A., Beutin, L., Barreto, M. L., Milroy, C., Strina, A., Ribeiro, H., Trabulsi, L. R. Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2005, 100(4), pp. 359-363. doi: 10.1590/S0074-02762005000400004.
[15] OMS (Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud). Desinfección del agua para consumo humano: Método de Cloración, lo que deben saber los municipios, la sociedad y los operadores de sistemas de agua potable en Bolivia [Disinfection of water for human consumption: Chlorination method, what municipalities, society and operators of drinking water systems in Bolivia should know]. Available from: https://www3.paho.org/par/dmdocuments/MANUAL_DESINFECCION.pdf. [Accessed 25 November 2023].
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  • APA Style

    Ernesto Mendoza-Ramos, J., Flores-Munguía, E., Iris Balbuena-Hernández, R., Herrera-Navarrete, R., Martínez-Orgániz, Á. (2023). Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 8(4), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12

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    ACS Style

    Ernesto Mendoza-Ramos, J.; Flores-Munguía, E.; Iris Balbuena-Hernández, R.; Herrera-Navarrete, R.; Martínez-Orgániz, Á. Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2023, 8(4), 54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12

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    AMA Style

    Ernesto Mendoza-Ramos J, Flores-Munguía E, Iris Balbuena-Hernández R, Herrera-Navarrete R, Martínez-Orgániz Á. Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2023;8(4):54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12,
      author = {Juan Ernesto Mendoza-Ramos and Enrique Flores-Munguía and Rosa Iris Balbuena-Hernández and Ricardo Herrera-Navarrete and Ángeles Martínez-Orgániz},
      title = {Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {54-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20230804.12},
      abstract = {Water quality is essential and indispensable for human and environmental health, however, the growing demand for water resources to satisfy needs has become a global problem and a priority for public health, due to water discharges. waste without any treatment, which has caused a decrease in the availability and contamination of surface and groundwater. Because the supply of water for human use and consumption must have adequate quality to prevent and avoid the transmission of diseases. The physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water from 3 underground wells that supply the population of Chilpancingo was evaluated, and it was determined if it is suitable for human use and consumption. The parameters that were determined were pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrites, Nitrates, Sulfates, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms, in addition to the presence of Escherichia coli and Fecal Streptococci. The results indicated that the water from the three wells that supply the population does not comply with the Maximum Permissible Limits, established by NOM-127-SSA1-1994. The presence of Escherichia coli and fecal Streptococci are an indicator of fecal contamination from human sources or warm-blooded animals, which is why this water is not suitable for human consumption and is considered unsafe for the health of the population.
    },
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of the Water Quality of Three Water Supply Wells in the Urban Area of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
    AU  - Juan Ernesto Mendoza-Ramos
    AU  - Enrique Flores-Munguía
    AU  - Rosa Iris Balbuena-Hernández
    AU  - Ricardo Herrera-Navarrete
    AU  - Ángeles Martínez-Orgániz
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    PY  - 2023
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12
    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 54
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230804.12
    AB  - Water quality is essential and indispensable for human and environmental health, however, the growing demand for water resources to satisfy needs has become a global problem and a priority for public health, due to water discharges. waste without any treatment, which has caused a decrease in the availability and contamination of surface and groundwater. Because the supply of water for human use and consumption must have adequate quality to prevent and avoid the transmission of diseases. The physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water from 3 underground wells that supply the population of Chilpancingo was evaluated, and it was determined if it is suitable for human use and consumption. The parameters that were determined were pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Nitrites, Nitrates, Sulfates, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms, in addition to the presence of Escherichia coli and Fecal Streptococci. The results indicated that the water from the three wells that supply the population does not comply with the Maximum Permissible Limits, established by NOM-127-SSA1-1994. The presence of Escherichia coli and fecal Streptococci are an indicator of fecal contamination from human sources or warm-blooded animals, which is why this water is not suitable for human consumption and is considered unsafe for the health of the population.
    
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Faculty of Sustainable Development, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Tecpan de Galeana, México

  • Regional Development Science Center, Acapulco, Mexico

  • Faculty of Nursing, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico

  • Regional Development Science Center, Acapulco, Mexico

  • School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México

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