Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria

Godson Rowland Ana; Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria

Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 30 October 2015 Accepted: 6 November 2015 Published: 7 December 2015

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Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO₂ and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO₂ were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO₂ concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO₂ (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between CO₂ and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO₂ concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO₂ concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO₂ is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
Page(s)	411-419
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vehicles, Emissions, Meteorology, Motor Parks, Routine Monitoring

References

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APA Style

Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. (2015). Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(6), 411-419. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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ACS Style

Godson Rowland Ana; Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(6), 411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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AMA Style

Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(6):411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15,
  author = {Godson Rowland Ana and Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye},
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {411-419},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150306.15},
  abstract = {Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria
AU  - Godson Rowland Ana
AU  - Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye
Y1  - 2015/12/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 411
EP  - 419
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Godson Rowland Ana

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. (2015). Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(6), 411-419. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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ACS Style

Godson Rowland Ana; Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(6), 411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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AMA Style

Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(6):411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15,
  author = {Godson Rowland Ana and Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye},
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {411-419},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150306.15},
  abstract = {Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria
AU  - Godson Rowland Ana
AU  - Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye
Y1  - 2015/12/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 411
EP  - 419
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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