Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana

Koranteng Samuel Senyo; Ameka Gabriel Komla; Owusu Ebenezer Oduro

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana

Koranteng Samuel Senyo, Ameka Gabriel Komla, Owusu Ebenezer Oduro

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 6 May 2016 Accepted: 16 May 2016 Published: 30 May 2016

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Abstract

Cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the drawdown areas (floodplains) of the Afram River relies on pesticides input for enhanced productivity. Application of pesticides in the floodplains can elevate its level in the water and have health implications. Pesticides content of the Afram River at normal level (recess regime) was compared with the flood regime to determine if farming in the drawdown areas has any impact on water quality. Water samples were taken twice during each regime over two consecutive years and pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography. The flood periods registered 14 organochlorines, 12 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids, with respective mean concentration ranges: 0.01 – 16.79, 0.01 – 2.14, 0.01 -1.12 µg/L; as against 10 organochlorines, 11 organophosphates and 4 pyrethroids quantified during the recess regimes, with respective mean concentration ranges of: 0.01 – 0.27, 0.01 – 0.37, 0.01 – 0.158 µg/L. Levels of 9 pesticides exceeded WHO/EU maximum residue limits for the flood period, in contrast to only 1 during the recess. Dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos and β-endosulfan exceeded quality criteria limits for the protection of aquatic life during flood regime. Welch two sample t-test on common pesticides quantified during both periods show significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) during flood regimes. It is concluded that drawdown farming increases the incidence and concentration of pesticides in water during flood periods and presents health risk to the consuming communities and aquatic life.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
Page(s)	102-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pesticides, Drawdown, Afram River, Organochlorines, Organophosphates, Pyrethroids

References

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APA Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo, Ameka Gabriel Komla, Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. (2016). Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(3), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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ACS Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo; Ameka Gabriel Komla; Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(3), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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AMA Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo, Ameka Gabriel Komla, Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(3):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16,
  author = {Koranteng Samuel Senyo and Ameka Gabriel Komla and Owusu Ebenezer Oduro},
  title = {Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160403.16},
  abstract = {Cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the drawdown areas (floodplains) of the Afram River relies on pesticides input for enhanced productivity. Application of pesticides in the floodplains can elevate its level in the water and have health implications. Pesticides content of the Afram River at normal level (recess regime) was compared with the flood regime to determine if farming in the drawdown areas has any impact on water quality. Water samples were taken twice during each regime over two consecutive years and pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography. The flood periods registered 14 organochlorines, 12 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids, with respective mean concentration ranges: 0.01 – 16.79, 0.01 – 2.14, 0.01 -1.12 µg/L; as against 10 organochlorines, 11 organophosphates and 4 pyrethroids quantified during the recess regimes, with respective mean concentration ranges of: 0.01 – 0.27, 0.01 – 0.37, 0.01 – 0.158 µg/L. Levels of 9 pesticides exceeded WHO/EU maximum residue limits for the flood period, in contrast to only 1 during the recess. Dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos and β-endosulfan exceeded quality criteria limits for the protection of aquatic life during flood regime. Welch two sample t-test on common pesticides quantified during both periods show significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) during flood regimes. It is concluded that drawdown farming increases the incidence and concentration of pesticides in water during flood periods and presents health risk to the consuming communities and aquatic life.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana
AU  - Koranteng Samuel Senyo
AU  - Ameka Gabriel Komla
AU  - Owusu Ebenezer Oduro
Y1  - 2016/05/30
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
AB  - Cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the drawdown areas (floodplains) of the Afram River relies on pesticides input for enhanced productivity. Application of pesticides in the floodplains can elevate its level in the water and have health implications. Pesticides content of the Afram River at normal level (recess regime) was compared with the flood regime to determine if farming in the drawdown areas has any impact on water quality. Water samples were taken twice during each regime over two consecutive years and pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography. The flood periods registered 14 organochlorines, 12 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids, with respective mean concentration ranges: 0.01 – 16.79, 0.01 – 2.14, 0.01 -1.12 µg/L; as against 10 organochlorines, 11 organophosphates and 4 pyrethroids quantified during the recess regimes, with respective mean concentration ranges of: 0.01 – 0.27, 0.01 – 0.37, 0.01 – 0.158 µg/L. Levels of 9 pesticides exceeded WHO/EU maximum residue limits for the flood period, in contrast to only 1 during the recess. Dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos and β-endosulfan exceeded quality criteria limits for the protection of aquatic life during flood regime. Welch two sample t-test on common pesticides quantified during both periods show significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) during flood regimes. It is concluded that drawdown farming increases the incidence and concentration of pesticides in water during flood periods and presents health risk to the consuming communities and aquatic life.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Koranteng Samuel Senyo

Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Ameka Gabriel Komla

Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Owusu Ebenezer Oduro

Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

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APA Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo, Ameka Gabriel Komla, Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. (2016). Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(3), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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ACS Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo; Ameka Gabriel Komla; Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(3), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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AMA Style

Koranteng Samuel Senyo, Ameka Gabriel Komla, Owusu Ebenezer Oduro. Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(3):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16,
  author = {Koranteng Samuel Senyo and Ameka Gabriel Komla and Owusu Ebenezer Oduro},
  title = {Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160403.16},
  abstract = {Cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the drawdown areas (floodplains) of the Afram River relies on pesticides input for enhanced productivity. Application of pesticides in the floodplains can elevate its level in the water and have health implications. Pesticides content of the Afram River at normal level (recess regime) was compared with the flood regime to determine if farming in the drawdown areas has any impact on water quality. Water samples were taken twice during each regime over two consecutive years and pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography. The flood periods registered 14 organochlorines, 12 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids, with respective mean concentration ranges: 0.01 – 16.79, 0.01 – 2.14, 0.01 -1.12 µg/L; as against 10 organochlorines, 11 organophosphates and 4 pyrethroids quantified during the recess regimes, with respective mean concentration ranges of: 0.01 – 0.27, 0.01 – 0.37, 0.01 – 0.158 µg/L. Levels of 9 pesticides exceeded WHO/EU maximum residue limits for the flood period, in contrast to only 1 during the recess. Dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos and β-endosulfan exceeded quality criteria limits for the protection of aquatic life during flood regime. Welch two sample t-test on common pesticides quantified during both periods show significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) during flood regimes. It is concluded that drawdown farming increases the incidence and concentration of pesticides in water during flood periods and presents health risk to the consuming communities and aquatic life.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Drawdown Farming and Pesticide Residue Levels of the Afram River in Ghana
AU  - Koranteng Samuel Senyo
AU  - Ameka Gabriel Komla
AU  - Owusu Ebenezer Oduro
Y1  - 2016/05/30
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.16
AB  - Cultivation of fruits and vegetables in the drawdown areas (floodplains) of the Afram River relies on pesticides input for enhanced productivity. Application of pesticides in the floodplains can elevate its level in the water and have health implications. Pesticides content of the Afram River at normal level (recess regime) was compared with the flood regime to determine if farming in the drawdown areas has any impact on water quality. Water samples were taken twice during each regime over two consecutive years and pesticide residues were analysed by gas chromatography. The flood periods registered 14 organochlorines, 12 organophosphates and 9 pyrethroids, with respective mean concentration ranges: 0.01 – 16.79, 0.01 – 2.14, 0.01 -1.12 µg/L; as against 10 organochlorines, 11 organophosphates and 4 pyrethroids quantified during the recess regimes, with respective mean concentration ranges of: 0.01 – 0.27, 0.01 – 0.37, 0.01 – 0.158 µg/L. Levels of 9 pesticides exceeded WHO/EU maximum residue limits for the flood period, in contrast to only 1 during the recess. Dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos and β-endosulfan exceeded quality criteria limits for the protection of aquatic life during flood regime. Welch two sample t-test on common pesticides quantified during both periods show significantly higher concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) during flood regimes. It is concluded that drawdown farming increases the incidence and concentration of pesticides in water during flood periods and presents health risk to the consuming communities and aquatic life.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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