Environmental Assessment of CO and SO<sub>2</sub> Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria

Aungwa Francis; Danladi Eli; Gyuk Philip Musa; Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi; Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe; Muhammad Sani Ahmad; Baba Isa Garba

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

Environmental Assessment of CO and SO₂ Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria

Aungwa Francis, Danladi Eli, Gyuk Philip Musa, Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi, Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, Muhammad Sani Ahmad, Baba Isa Garba

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 10 August 2016 Accepted: 2 September 2016 Published: 8 October 2016

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Abstract

The assessment of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) was carried out at Gboko in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of six areas were surveyed across the town. The concentrations of the CO and SO₂ varied from 1.90 to 8.00 ppm and 0.10 to 0.24 ppm respectively. Studies indicate that, the average hourly concentration in parts per million (ppm) of CO and SO₂ in all the six points surveyed were found to be 4.98 and 0.15 ppm respectively, with a standard deviation of 1.83 ppm and 0.05 ppm. This is about 50.17 and 11.76 % deviations for CO and SO₂ from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10.00 and 0.17 ppm for CO and SO₂ respectively. These results do not pose an immediate threat to the environment but subsequent accumulation may be dangerous.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12
Page(s)	127-130
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biomass, Bye-product, Concentration, Gasman Meter, Air Quality Standard, ppm, Pollution

References

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[2]	Reinhardt Timothy. (2001). Smoke Impacts from Agricultural Burning in Rural Brazilian Town. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. Pp. 443-450.
[3]	Cannon N. and Joseph K.(1984). Air Quality Effect of Residential Wood Combustion. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. Pp.895-897.
[4]	Burnet Paul (1986). Particulate, Carbon monoxide and Acid Emission factors Association. Pp.102-108.
[5]	Sofuoglu, S. C.; Aslan, G.; Inal, F.; Sofuoglu, A. (2011). An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 214, 38–46.
[6]	Nigel Bruce, Rogelio Perez-Padilla and Rachel Albalak. (2002). The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in developing countries.
[7]	Rae M. N. and Roa H. N. (1989). Air pollution. Tata McGraw- Hill Publisher. Ltd New Delhi.
[8]	Albalak R (1997) Cultural Practices and Exposure to Particulate Pollution from Indoor Biomass Cooking: Effects on Respiratory Health and Nutritional Status among the Aymara Indians of the Bolivian Highlands, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan.
[9]	Ezzati M, Kammen D. (2001a). Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure response study. Lancet;358:619-624.
[10]	Guneser S, Stici A, Alparslan N & Cinaz P (1994). Effects of indoor environmental factors on respiratory systems of children. J Trop Pediatrics; 40: 114-116.
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[12]	Crowcon Detecting Gas Saving Lives (2013). Gasman Portable Gas Detection Equipment. www.crowcon.com.
[13]	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATDR), USA.(2001). Centre for Disease Control. htt//www.atsdv.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs900.htm.

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APA Style

Aungwa Francis, Danladi Eli, Gyuk Philip Musa, Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi, Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. (2016). Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(5), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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ACS Style

Aungwa Francis; Danladi Eli; Gyuk Philip Musa; Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi; Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(5), 127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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AMA Style

Aungwa Francis, Danladi Eli, Gyuk Philip Musa, Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi, Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(5):127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12,
  author = {Aungwa Francis and Danladi Eli and Gyuk Philip Musa and Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi and Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe and Muhammad Sani Ahmad and Baba Isa Garba},
  title = {Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {127-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160405.12},
  abstract = {The assessment of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) was carried out at Gboko in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of six areas were surveyed across the town. The concentrations of the CO and SO2 varied from 1.90 to 8.00 ppm and 0.10 to 0.24 ppm respectively. Studies indicate that, the average hourly concentration in parts per million (ppm) of CO and SO2 in all the six points surveyed were found to be 4.98 and 0.15 ppm respectively, with a standard deviation of 1.83 ppm and 0.05 ppm. This is about 50.17 and 11.76 % deviations for CO and SO2 from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10.00 and 0.17 ppm for CO and SO2 respectively. These results do not pose an immediate threat to the environment but subsequent accumulation may be dangerous.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria
AU  - Aungwa Francis
AU  - Danladi Eli
AU  - Gyuk Philip Musa
AU  - Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi
AU  - Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe
AU  - Muhammad Sani Ahmad
AU  - Baba Isa Garba
Y1  - 2016/10/08
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - The assessment of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) was carried out at Gboko in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of six areas were surveyed across the town. The concentrations of the CO and SO2 varied from 1.90 to 8.00 ppm and 0.10 to 0.24 ppm respectively. Studies indicate that, the average hourly concentration in parts per million (ppm) of CO and SO2 in all the six points surveyed were found to be 4.98 and 0.15 ppm respectively, with a standard deviation of 1.83 ppm and 0.05 ppm. This is about 50.17 and 11.76 % deviations for CO and SO2 from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10.00 and 0.17 ppm for CO and SO2 respectively. These results do not pose an immediate threat to the environment but subsequent accumulation may be dangerous.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Aungwa Francis

Department of Physics, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
Danladi Eli

Department of Physics, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
Gyuk Philip Musa

Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi

Department of Physics, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe

Department of Physics, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
Muhammad Sani Ahmad

Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Baba Isa Garba

Department of Physics, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Aungwa Francis, Danladi Eli, Gyuk Philip Musa, Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi, Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. (2016). Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(5), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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ACS Style

Aungwa Francis; Danladi Eli; Gyuk Philip Musa; Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi; Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(5), 127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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AMA Style

Aungwa Francis, Danladi Eli, Gyuk Philip Musa, Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi, Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe, et al. Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(5):127-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12,
  author = {Aungwa Francis and Danladi Eli and Gyuk Philip Musa and Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi and Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe and Muhammad Sani Ahmad and Baba Isa Garba},
  title = {Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {127-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160405.12},
  abstract = {The assessment of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) was carried out at Gboko in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of six areas were surveyed across the town. The concentrations of the CO and SO2 varied from 1.90 to 8.00 ppm and 0.10 to 0.24 ppm respectively. Studies indicate that, the average hourly concentration in parts per million (ppm) of CO and SO2 in all the six points surveyed were found to be 4.98 and 0.15 ppm respectively, with a standard deviation of 1.83 ppm and 0.05 ppm. This is about 50.17 and 11.76 % deviations for CO and SO2 from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10.00 and 0.17 ppm for CO and SO2 respectively. These results do not pose an immediate threat to the environment but subsequent accumulation may be dangerous.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Assessment of CO and SO2 Pollution Resulting from Bye-Product of Biomass Fuel at Gboko Town, in Benue State, Nigeria
AU  - Aungwa Francis
AU  - Danladi Eli
AU  - Gyuk Philip Musa
AU  - Joshua Adeyemi Owolabi
AU  - Gabriel Olawale Olowomofe
AU  - Muhammad Sani Ahmad
AU  - Baba Isa Garba
Y1  - 2016/10/08
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 127
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160405.12
AB  - The assessment of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) was carried out at Gboko in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of six areas were surveyed across the town. The concentrations of the CO and SO2 varied from 1.90 to 8.00 ppm and 0.10 to 0.24 ppm respectively. Studies indicate that, the average hourly concentration in parts per million (ppm) of CO and SO2 in all the six points surveyed were found to be 4.98 and 0.15 ppm respectively, with a standard deviation of 1.83 ppm and 0.05 ppm. This is about 50.17 and 11.76 % deviations for CO and SO2 from the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 10.00 and 0.17 ppm for CO and SO2 respectively. These results do not pose an immediate threat to the environment but subsequent accumulation may be dangerous.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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