Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells

Hakeem Seidu; Dapeng Li; Jing Zhou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells

Hakeem Seidu, Dapeng Li, Jing Zhou

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 15 May 2018 Accepted: 6 June 2018 Published: 25 July 2018

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Abstract

Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Q_e) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
Page(s)	84-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Percentage Adsorption, Isotherms, Equilibrium, Kinetic, Models

References

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[3]	Rahman, M. M., Adil, M., Yusof, A. M., Kamaruzzaman, Y. B., and Ansary, R. H. (2014). Removal of heavy metal ions with acid-activated carbons derived from oil palm and coconut shells. Materials, 7 (5), 3634–3650.
[4]	Chen, J., Zhang, L., Yang, G., Wang, Q., Li, R., and Lucia, L. A. (2017). "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from hydrochar by phosphoric acid activation and its adsorption performance in prehydrolysis liquor," BioRes. 12 (3), 5928-5941.
[5]	Song J, Wang L, Song G. (2014). Research on influence factors on determination of specific surface area of carbon material by N2 adsorption method. Journal of applied science and engineering innovation Vol. 1 No. 1
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[7]	Tongpoothorn, W., Sriuttha, M., Homchan, P., Chanthai, S., and Ruangviriyachai, C. (2011). Preparation of activated carbon derived from Jatropha curcas fruit shell by simple thermo-chemical activation and characterization of their physic-chemical properties. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89, p. 335-340.
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[14]	Youssef, S., El-Khouly S., & El-Nabarawy T. H. (2008). Removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solution using activated carbons from pecan shells: Carbon Lett, 9, pp. 8-13.
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APA Style

Hakeem Seidu, Dapeng Li, Jing Zhou. (2018). Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 6(3), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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ACS Style

Hakeem Seidu; Dapeng Li; Jing Zhou. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2018, 6(3), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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AMA Style

Hakeem Seidu, Dapeng Li, Jing Zhou. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2018;6(3):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13,
  author = {Hakeem Seidu and Dapeng Li and Jing Zhou},
  title = {Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20180603.13},
  abstract = {Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Qe) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells
AU  - Hakeem Seidu
AU  - Dapeng Li
AU  - Jing Zhou
Y1  - 2018/07/25
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
AB  - Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Qe) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Hakeem Seidu

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science & Technology, Suzhou, China
Dapeng Li

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science & Technology, Suzhou, China
Jing Zhou

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science & Technology, Suzhou, China

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APA Style

Hakeem Seidu, Dapeng Li, Jing Zhou. (2018). Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 6(3), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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ACS Style

Hakeem Seidu; Dapeng Li; Jing Zhou. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2018, 6(3), 84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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AMA Style

Hakeem Seidu, Dapeng Li, Jing Zhou. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2018;6(3):84-94. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13,
  author = {Hakeem Seidu and Dapeng Li and Jing Zhou},
  title = {Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20180603.13},
  abstract = {Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Qe) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Equilibrium, Kinetic and Adsorption Mechanisms of Chromium (VI) on Characterized Activated Carbon Synthesized from Phosphoric Acid Activation of Coconut Shells
AU  - Hakeem Seidu
AU  - Dapeng Li
AU  - Jing Zhou
Y1  - 2018/07/25
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 84
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20180603.13
AB  - Over the years, water pollution due primarily to the discharge of toxic heavy metals from industrial activities has served as a major challenge in our quest to provide clean drinking water to millions of people across the world. Numerous cheap and environmentally friendly methods and technologies have been developed for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Key among these technologies is the use of adsorbent as it is the most economical and efficient. In this present study, coconut shells were used to develop microporous adsorbent (activated carbon) through chemical activation by phosphoric acid (H3PO4). An analysis of the effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time was conducted through batch adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] on prepared AC sample. Initial Cr (VI) concentration was investigated through a range of 10 – 50 mg/L with the study showing an optimum concentration for AC of 20 mg/L for percentage removal (93.3%) but adsorption capacity (Qe) was highest for 50 mg/L (4.512 mg/g). The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were determined as 6 g/L, 100 minutes and 30°C respectively for the prepared AC. Maximum adsorption was recorded for pH (2) at 88.2 5% (removal) and 4.41 mg/g (adsorption capacity) for AC. The experimental data obtained were modelled using various isotherms, including adsorption equilibrium isotherms, adsorption kinetic study and adsorption mechanisms with positive correlations (better fit) obtained for Freundlich isotherm, D-R isotherm (slightly), pseudo-second-order kinetic and Boyd models.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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