Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)

Kagbagnan Kone; Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue; Konan Edmond Kouassi; Kopoin Adouby

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)

Kagbagnan Kone, Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Kopoin Adouby

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 7, Issue 5)

Received: 1 October 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 12 November 2019

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Abstract

Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of water resources in this region may be affected by the activity of the Tongon mine, which is the main gold mine in the region. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) in surface water and groundwater around Tongon mine. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn have been evaluated at 21 surface water and 16 groundwater sampling stations. The concentration of these metals were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metal pollution indexing. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn in surface water were found to be above the highest desirable limit of WHO drinking water standard with mean concentrations of 5.761, 0.016, 0.178, 2.939, and 0.684 mg/L, respectively. Excepted As (2.95 mg/L) and Mn (0.67 mg/L), the metal concentrations in groundwater were well below the permissible limits of WHO drinking water standard. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index was used to evaluate surface water and groundwater quality. The results showed that, in the groundwater samples, HPI values (48.56-72.49) were less than 100, indicating a low-level heavy metal. Concerning surface water, HPI values of Poungbe River are well below the index limit of 100, which suggest that it is generally no contaminated with respect to these metals. The mining activity of Tongon is carried out while protecting water quality against heavy metals. The quality of water resources in the area must be regularly monitored to avoid any dramatic situation.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12
Page(s)	103-111
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Surface Water, Groundwater, Heavy Metal Pollution, Tongon, Gold Mine

References

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[3]	Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, N., Yao, B. K., Trokourey, A., & Adouby, K. Heavy Metals in Sediments and Their Transfer to Edible Mollusc. Journal of Applied Sciences. Vol. 16, No. 11, 2016, pp. 534-541.
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APA Style

Kagbagnan Kone, Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Kopoin Adouby. (2019). Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 7(5), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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ACS Style

Kagbagnan Kone; Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue; Konan Edmond Kouassi; Kopoin Adouby. Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2019, 7(5), 103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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AMA Style

Kagbagnan Kone, Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Kopoin Adouby. Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2019;7(5):103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12,
  author = {Kagbagnan Kone and Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue and Konan Edmond Kouassi and Kopoin Adouby},
  title = {Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {103-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20190705.12},
  abstract = {Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of water resources in this region may be affected by the activity of the Tongon mine, which is the main gold mine in the region. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) in surface water and groundwater around Tongon mine. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn have been evaluated at 21 surface water and 16 groundwater sampling stations. The concentration of these metals were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metal pollution indexing. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn in surface water were found to be above the highest desirable limit of WHO drinking water standard with mean concentrations of 5.761, 0.016, 0.178, 2.939, and 0.684 mg/L, respectively. Excepted As (2.95 mg/L) and Mn (0.67 mg/L), the metal concentrations in groundwater were well below the permissible limits of WHO drinking water standard. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index was used to evaluate surface water and groundwater quality. The results showed that, in the groundwater samples, HPI values (48.56-72.49) were less than 100, indicating a low-level heavy metal. Concerning surface water, HPI values of Poungbe River are well below the index limit of 100, which suggest that it is generally no contaminated with respect to these metals. The mining activity of Tongon is carried out while protecting water quality against heavy metals. The quality of water resources in the area must be regularly monitored to avoid any dramatic situation.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)
AU - Kagbagnan Kone
AU - Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue
AU - Konan Edmond Kouassi
AU - Kopoin Adouby
Y1 - 2019/11/12
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 103
EP - 111
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12
AB - Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of water resources in this region may be affected by the activity of the Tongon mine, which is the main gold mine in the region. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) in surface water and groundwater around Tongon mine. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn have been evaluated at 21 surface water and 16 groundwater sampling stations. The concentration of these metals were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metal pollution indexing. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn in surface water were found to be above the highest desirable limit of WHO drinking water standard with mean concentrations of 5.761, 0.016, 0.178, 2.939, and 0.684 mg/L, respectively. Excepted As (2.95 mg/L) and Mn (0.67 mg/L), the metal concentrations in groundwater were well below the permissible limits of WHO drinking water standard. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index was used to evaluate surface water and groundwater quality. The results showed that, in the groundwater samples, HPI values (48.56-72.49) were less than 100, indicating a low-level heavy metal. Concerning surface water, HPI values of Poungbe River are well below the index limit of 100, which suggest that it is generally no contaminated with respect to these metals. The mining activity of Tongon is carried out while protecting water quality against heavy metals. The quality of water resources in the area must be regularly monitored to avoid any dramatic situation.
VL - 7
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Kagbagnan Kone

Laboratoire Des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse de L’environnement et Des Energies Nouvelles, Institut National Polytechniques Félix Houphou?t Boigny, Yamoussoukro, C?te d’Ivoire
Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue

Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-chimie du Milieu UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Konan Edmond Kouassi

Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-chimie du Milieu UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Kopoin Adouby

Laboratoire Des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse de L’environnement et Des Energies Nouvelles, Institut National Polytechniques Félix Houphou?t Boigny, Yamoussoukro, C?te d’Ivoire

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Kagbagnan Kone, Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Kopoin Adouby. (2019). Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 7(5), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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ACS Style

Kagbagnan Kone; Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue; Konan Edmond Kouassi; Kopoin Adouby. Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2019, 7(5), 103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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AMA Style

Kagbagnan Kone, Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Kopoin Adouby. Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire). Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2019;7(5):103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12,
  author = {Kagbagnan Kone and Kouakou Adjoumani Rodrigue and Konan Edmond Kouassi and Kopoin Adouby},
  title = {Heavy Metal Pollution Index of Surface Water and Groundwater Around Tongon Mine (Côte d’Ivoire)},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {103-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20190705.12},
  abstract = {Water is a valued resource, which is increasingly being threatened by mining activity. Monitoring of surface water and groundwater quality around gold mine is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The northern zone of Côte d’Ivoire where located Tongon is a highly mineralised zone, with extensive mining of gold. The quality of water resources in this region may be affected by the activity of the Tongon mine, which is the main gold mine in the region. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) in surface water and groundwater around Tongon mine. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Mn have been evaluated at 21 surface water and 16 groundwater sampling stations. The concentration of these metals were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metal pollution indexing. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn in surface water were found to be above the highest desirable limit of WHO drinking water standard with mean concentrations of 5.761, 0.016, 0.178, 2.939, and 0.684 mg/L, respectively. Excepted As (2.95 mg/L) and Mn (0.67 mg/L), the metal concentrations in groundwater were well below the permissible limits of WHO drinking water standard. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index was used to evaluate surface water and groundwater quality. The results showed that, in the groundwater samples, HPI values (48.56-72.49) were less than 100, indicating a low-level heavy metal. Concerning surface water, HPI values of Poungbe River are well below the index limit of 100, which suggest that it is generally no contaminated with respect to these metals. The mining activity of Tongon is carried out while protecting water quality against heavy metals. The quality of water resources in the area must be regularly monitored to avoid any dramatic situation.},
 year = {2019}
}

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