In recent times, tea becomes highly known owing to its pharmacological potential properties such as antitumor, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogen activities. Especially, the quality of tea is assessed based on its caffeine content. Most people drink tea with the purpose of getting some caffeine amount in their body to diminish the increased cardiovascular disease, some chronic diseases, and cancer risks. The main study’s objective was to determine the caffeine content in tea samples from different tea growing regions of Rwanda in order to identify the region that has tea with the highest amount of caffeine. This may help in classifying the tea regions and tea quality in Rwanda according to their amount of caffeine. In this study, eleven samples were obtained from National Agriculture Export development Board (NAEB). Extraction of the caffeine was done using hot water. Quantification of caffeine from tea samples was accomplished by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); the mixture of methanol (20%), deionized water (79%) and acetic acid (1%) [(20:79:1)] was used as HPLC’s mobile phase. The tea sample grown at Rubaya tea growing region was obtained to have the highest caffeine quantity of 802.927±40.04 ppm. This was followed by tea grown at Nyabihu which contained caffeine quantity of 798.937±19.74 ppm. The least caffeine quantity was obtained in tea sample taken from Shagasha region with caffeine quantity of 476.128±97.05. Our results indicated that the caffeine content from tea growing regions in Rwanda had a range from 476.128±97.05 to 802.927±40.04 ppm, also had different tea quality.
Published in | International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 2) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13 |
Page(s) | 51-55 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Caffeine Content, RWANDA, Tea, Quantitative Analysis, Quality
[1] | Asopa V. N. 2004. competitiveness of Global Tea Trade, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt Ltd New Delhi 343-795, ISBN 81: 204-1623-6. |
[2] | Komes D, Horzic A. Belscak K, Baljak A. 2009. Determination of caffeine content in tea and maté tea by using different methods. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 27 (1): 69. |
[3] | Mäkelä E. 2012. Factors Affecting the Actual and Perceived Amount of Caffeine in Tea, Uutos Helsinki. Presentation available online, Last accessed 28 December 2016. |
[4] | Porter J. R and Semenov M. A. 2005. Crop responses to climatic variation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 360: 2021–2035. |
[5] | Pandurang N. P. 2012. Caffeine in various samples and their analysis with HPLC. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res, 16 (2): 18, 76-83. |
[6] | Shimizu M, Kubota M, Tanaka T, Moriwaki H. 2012. Nutraceutical approach for preventing obesity-related colorectal and liver carcinogenesis, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13 (1): 579-95. |
[7] | Snel J, Lorist M. M. 2011. Effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. Brain Research journal, 190 (2): 105-117. |
[8] | Bertil B. F, John W. D. 2004. Coffee, tea, chocolate, and brain. Congress Library, (2): 9-15. |
[9] | Jinka T. R, Tøien Ø, Drew K. L. 2011. Season primes the brain in an arctic hibernator to facilitate entrance into torpor mediated by adenosine receptors. Neuroscience, (31): 10752-10758. |
[10] | Fisone G., Borgkvist A., and Usiello A. 2004. Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci, 61: 857– 872. |
[11] | Latini S., and Pedata F. 2001. Adenosine in the central nervous system: release mechanisms and extracellular concentrations. Journal of Neurochemistry, 79: 463-484. |
[12] | NAEB. 2010. Tea production and factories location in Rwanda, report. |
[13] | Nour V., Trandafir, I., Ionica M. E. 2008. Quantitative determination of caffeine in carbonated beverages by an HPLC method, Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 14 (1): 123-127. |
[14] | Clay D. C., Dejaegher Y. M. J. 1987. Agro-ecological zones: The development of a regional classification scheme for Ruanda. Tropicultura, 5 (4): 153-159. |
[15] | Athayde M. L., Coelho G. C., Schenkel E. P. 2000. Caffeine and theobromine in epicuticular wax of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. Phytochemistry, 55: 853–857. |
[16] | Climate changes and annual rainfall average in Rwanda. Available online http://www. meteorwanda. gov. rw/index. php?id=30. Last accessed 20 December 2016. |
[17] | Selena A., et al. 2014. Effects of Extreme Climate Events on Tea (Camellia sinensis) Functional Quality Validate Indigenous Farmer Knowledge and Sensory Preferences in Tropical China. China, PLoS ONE, 9 (10): e109126. Journal Pone. 0109126. |
[18] | Ge J, Mupenzi J. De La P., Habiyaremye G, Bazimenyera J. D. D. 2010. The Environmental Impact of Industrial Agriculture: The Case of Mulindi Tea Plantations in Rwanda. Journal of American Science, 6 (12): 1578-1590. (ISSN: 1545-1003). |
[19] | Chakraborty V, Dutta S, and Chakraborty BN. 2002. The response of the tea plant to water Stress. Biol. Plant, 45 (4): 557-562. |
[20] | Mupenzi J D. L. P, Li L, Ge J, Varenyam A., Habiyaremye G., Nzayisenga T., Kamanzi E. 2011. Assessment of soil degradation and chemical compositions in Rwandan tea-growing areas. Geoscience Frontiers, 2 (4): 599-607. |
[21] | Tadelech, A and Gholap A. V. 2011. Characterization of caffeine and determination of caffeine in tea using UV-visible spectrometer. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 5 (1): 1-8. |
[22] | Wanyika H. N, Gatebe E. G, Gitu L. M, Ngumba E. K, Maritim C. W. 2010. Determination of caffeine content of tea and instant coffee brands found in the Kenyan market. African Journal of Food Science, 4 (6): 353-358. |
[23] | Cornelis M. C, Monda K. L, Yu K, Paynter N, Elizabeth M, Siiri N, Boerwinkle E. 2011. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies regions with habitual caffeine consumption, Journal of Public Library of Science, 7 (4): 353-362. |
[24] | Musa, M. A, Mawahib E, Mohammed I. T. 2012. Determination of Caffeine in Some Sudanese Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11 (4): 336-342. |
APA Style
Fildaus Nyirahabimana, Placide Uwimana. (2017). Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine Content from Different Tea Growing Regions of Rwanda. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2(2), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13
ACS Style
Fildaus Nyirahabimana; Placide Uwimana. Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine Content from Different Tea Growing Regions of Rwanda. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(2), 51-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13
@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13, author = {Fildaus Nyirahabimana and Placide Uwimana}, title = {Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine Content from Different Tea Growing Regions of Rwanda}, journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {51-55}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20170202.13}, abstract = {In recent times, tea becomes highly known owing to its pharmacological potential properties such as antitumor, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogen activities. Especially, the quality of tea is assessed based on its caffeine content. Most people drink tea with the purpose of getting some caffeine amount in their body to diminish the increased cardiovascular disease, some chronic diseases, and cancer risks. The main study’s objective was to determine the caffeine content in tea samples from different tea growing regions of Rwanda in order to identify the region that has tea with the highest amount of caffeine. This may help in classifying the tea regions and tea quality in Rwanda according to their amount of caffeine. In this study, eleven samples were obtained from National Agriculture Export development Board (NAEB). Extraction of the caffeine was done using hot water. Quantification of caffeine from tea samples was accomplished by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); the mixture of methanol (20%), deionized water (79%) and acetic acid (1%) [(20:79:1)] was used as HPLC’s mobile phase. The tea sample grown at Rubaya tea growing region was obtained to have the highest caffeine quantity of 802.927±40.04 ppm. This was followed by tea grown at Nyabihu which contained caffeine quantity of 798.937±19.74 ppm. The least caffeine quantity was obtained in tea sample taken from Shagasha region with caffeine quantity of 476.128±97.05. Our results indicated that the caffeine content from tea growing regions in Rwanda had a range from 476.128±97.05 to 802.927±40.04 ppm, also had different tea quality.}, year = {2017} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine Content from Different Tea Growing Regions of Rwanda AU - Fildaus Nyirahabimana AU - Placide Uwimana Y1 - 2017/04/14 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13 T2 - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology JF - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology JO - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology SP - 51 EP - 55 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9643 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170202.13 AB - In recent times, tea becomes highly known owing to its pharmacological potential properties such as antitumor, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogen activities. Especially, the quality of tea is assessed based on its caffeine content. Most people drink tea with the purpose of getting some caffeine amount in their body to diminish the increased cardiovascular disease, some chronic diseases, and cancer risks. The main study’s objective was to determine the caffeine content in tea samples from different tea growing regions of Rwanda in order to identify the region that has tea with the highest amount of caffeine. This may help in classifying the tea regions and tea quality in Rwanda according to their amount of caffeine. In this study, eleven samples were obtained from National Agriculture Export development Board (NAEB). Extraction of the caffeine was done using hot water. Quantification of caffeine from tea samples was accomplished by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); the mixture of methanol (20%), deionized water (79%) and acetic acid (1%) [(20:79:1)] was used as HPLC’s mobile phase. The tea sample grown at Rubaya tea growing region was obtained to have the highest caffeine quantity of 802.927±40.04 ppm. This was followed by tea grown at Nyabihu which contained caffeine quantity of 798.937±19.74 ppm. The least caffeine quantity was obtained in tea sample taken from Shagasha region with caffeine quantity of 476.128±97.05. Our results indicated that the caffeine content from tea growing regions in Rwanda had a range from 476.128±97.05 to 802.927±40.04 ppm, also had different tea quality. VL - 2 IS - 2 ER -