Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition

Karina Merini Tonon; Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter; Geovana Dagostim Savi; Vildes Maria Scussel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition

Karina Merini Tonon, Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter, Geovana Dagostim Savi, Vildes Maria Scussel

Published in International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 12 May 2017 Accepted: 26 May 2017 Published: 10 July 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The safety of foods (human milk-HM; infant formula-IF; milk-based products-MBPs) aimed for children nutrition (from birth to 5 years old) through filamentous fungi & yeasts were investigated (n = 158). Their analysis followed the ISO 6611: 2004 recommended for total load (isolation & enumeration) in milk and dairy products. The occurrence of filamentous fungi & yeasts was observed in 29, 51 and 60% of the HM (n = 98), IF (n = 45) and MBP (n = 15) samples surveyed. Fungi isolated present counts above 10² CFU/g and yeasts higher (> 10⁴CFU/g). Aspergillus, Penicillium and Thichoderma genera were identified in all the three sample types at percentages of 100/13/9%, 78/11/22% and 32/39/25% for IF, MBP and HM samples, respectively, being Aspergillus the most isolated, especially in the IF samples. Despite deterioration that can cause, the presence of filamentous fungi in HM and other infant foods, can enable mycotoxins production as long as toxigenic species are present which are hazardous for babies.

Published in	International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
Page(s)	80-86
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fungi, Food Safety, Human Milk, Infant Formula

References

[1]	WHO - World Health Organization,“Infant and young child feeding. Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals,” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2009.
[2]	M. Alles,“Current trends in the composition of infant milk formulas,”Current Pediatrics, 14 (1), 51-63, 2004.
[3]	M. Guo, “Chemical composition of human milk,” in Human milk and infant formula manufacturing and technology, M. Guo, Ed. Woodhead Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, chap 2, Woodhead Publishing, 2014a, pp. 19-31.
[4]	B. Koletzko, R. Shamir, and M. Ashwell, “Quality and safety aspects of infant nutrition,” Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 60 (3), 79-84, 2012.
[5]	G. Weisstaub, and R. Uauy, “Non-breast milk feeding in developing countries: challenge from microbial and chemical contaminants,” Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 60 (3), 215-219, 2012.
[6]	Turck, D, “Safety aspects in preparation and handling of infant food,” Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 60 (3), 211-214, 2012.
[7]	P. Hamrin, and B. Hoeft, “Quality control throughout the production process of infant food,” Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 60 (3), 208-210, 2012.
[8]	T. Krey, and C. F. V. Souza, “Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do leite em pó integral produzido numa indústria da região do vale do taquari - RS,” Interbio, 3, 2009.
[9]	M. C. Neville, and R. G. Jensen, “The Physical Properties of Human and Bovine Milks,” Handbook of milk composition: Academic Press, 1995.
[10]	F. R. Novak, J. A. G. Almeida, M. J. S. Santos, and B. Wanke, “Human milk fungi mycelia contamination,” Journal of Pediatry, 78, 197-201, 2002.
[11]	V. Cossey, A. Jeurissen, M. J. Thelissen, C. Vanhole, and A. Schuermans, “Expressed breast milk on a neonatal unit: a hazard analysis and critical control points approach,” American Journal of Infection Control, 39 (10), 832-838, 2011.
[12]	M. Guo, “Human milk banking,” in Human milk and infant formula manufacturing and technology, M. Guo, Ed. Woodhead Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, chap 5, Woodhead Publishing, 2014b, pp. 112-134.
[13]	N. Da Silva, V. C. A. Junqueira, N. F. A. Silveira, M. H. Taniwaki, R. F. S. Santos, R. A. R. Gomes, “Manual de Métodos de análise microbiológica de alimentos e água,” 4th ed, Sao Paulo, Varela, 2010, pp. 624.
[14]	V. M. Scussel, M. A. Kluczkovski, and G. D. Savi, “Factors for development of fungi and toxin production,” in Grains Storage, I. Lorini, L. Miike, L. D’a. Faroni, V. M. Scussel, Section 6. chap 3 - BioGeneziz Ed., Campinas SP, Brazil, 2017, pp. 548.
[15]	F. C. O. Freire, I. G. P. Vieira, M. I. F. Guedes, and F. N. P. Mendes, “Mycotoxins: their food importance to human and animal health,” Fortaleza: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 2007, pp. 48.
[16]	S. A, Kiliç, S. Gürbüz, and E. Ayağ, “Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Southeastern Turkey,” Mycotoxin Research, 33 (2), 103-107, 2017.
[17]	IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 56, 489-521, 1993.
[18]	Cast. Mycotoxins: Risks in plant, animal, and human systems. Ames Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 2003, pp. 217.
[19]	IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer. Some traditional herbal medicines: some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. WHO: Lyon, France, 82, 1-556, 2002.
[20]	A. B. Serafini, M. C. Andre, M. A. Rodrigues, A. Kipnis, C. O. Carvalho, M. R. Campos, E. C. Monteiro, F. Martins, and T. F. Jubé, “Microbiological quality of human milk from a Brazilian milk bank,”Revista de Saude Publica, 37 (6), 775-779, 2003.
[21]	N. Magan, and M. Olsen, “Mycotoxins in Food: detection and control,” Boca Raton, Woodhead Publishing, 2004, pp. 471.
[22]	K. M. Tonon, “Mycoflora evaluation and mycotoxins in Human Milk and Food for Children and Infanys by Tamdem Mass Spectrometry,” Thesis, Food Science and Technology Department, CCA, UFSC, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil, 2013. pp. 129.
[23]	K. M. Tonon, M. G. R. Reiter, and V. M. Scussel, “Dietary intake of human milk donors and LC-MS mycotoxin occurrence,” in XIX National Nutrology Congress, 2015, Sao Paulo, International Journal of Nutrology, Brazilian Association of Nutrology, 8, 69, 2015.
[24]	K. M. Tonon, M. G. R. Reiter, G. D. Savi, and V. M. Scussel, ”LC-MSMS multi-mycotoxin analysis of human milk and dietary intake of Brazilian nursing mothers,” Journal of Human Lactation, in press, 2017.
[25]	ISO - International Organization for Standardization. ISO 6611: 2004 (IDF 94: 2004) Milk and milk products: enumeration of colony-forming units of yeasts and/or moulds - colony-count technique at 25 degrees C, ISO, 2 ed, 2004, p. 8.
[26]	MAPA - Ministry Agriculture, IN62 of 26/09/2003. Official microbiolgical analytical methods for for animal food products and water control. DOU, Brasilia, 2003.
[27]	ISO - International Organization for Standardization. ISO 7218: 2007. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - General requirements and guidance for microbiological examinations. International Organization for Standardization, 2007, p. 66.
[28]	R. W. Riddell, “Permanent stained mycological preparations obtained by slide culture,”Mycologia, 42, 265-270, 1950.
[29]	R. W. S. Weber, and D. Pitt, “Teaching techniques for mycology Riddell’s slide cultures,” Mycologist, 14 (3), 118-20, 2000.
[30]	J. I. Pitt, and A. D. Hocking, “Fungi and Food Spoilage.” New York: Springer, 2009, pp. 519.
[31]	E. Jiménez, L. Fernández, A. Maldonado, R. Martín, M. Olivares, and J. Xaus, “Oral administration of Lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk as an alternative for the treatment of infectious mastitis during lactation,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(15), 4650-5, 2008.
[32]	G. Dos S. Oliveira, R. H. Luchese, F. R. Novak, D. P. B. Abreu, and A. M. D. Martins,“Fungal contamination in human milk and in the anatomic sites of breastfeeding mothers and infants,”Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 71 (3), 450-5, 2012.
[33]	J. A. G. Almeida, “Human Milk quality collected and processed in HN Banks,” Thesis, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 1986.
[34]	P. Breeuwer, A. Lardeau, M. Peterz, andH. M. Joosten, “Desiccation and heat tolerance of Enterobacter sakazakii,” Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95 (5), 967-73, 2003.
[35]	CAC - Codex Alimentarius Commission. Code of hygienic practice for powdered formulae for infants and young children CAC/RCP 66, (2008). [http://www.codexalimentarius.org/input/download/standards/.../CXP_066e.pdf].
[36]	O. Filtenborg, J. C. Frisvad, and U. Thrane, “Moulds in food spoilage,” International Journal of Food Microbiology, 33, 85-102, 1996.
[37]	H. Loiveke, E. Ilumae, and H. Laitamm, “Microfungi in grain and grain feeds and their potential toxicity,” Agronomy Research, 2, 195-205, 2004.
[38]	Anvisa- National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance. Health Ministry, RDC12, of 02/01/2001. RTformicrobiological standards in foods. Brasilia, 02/01/2001.
[39]	Y. J. Jiang, “Infant formula products regulation,” in Human milk and infant formula manufacturing and technology, M. Guo, Ed. Woodhead Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, chap 11, Woodhead Publishing, 2014. pp. 273-308.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Karina Merini Tonon, Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter, Geovana Dagostim Savi, Vildes Maria Scussel. (2017). Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2(3), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Karina Merini Tonon; Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter; Geovana Dagostim Savi; Vildes Maria Scussel. Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(3), 80-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Karina Merini Tonon, Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter, Geovana Dagostim Savi, Vildes Maria Scussel. Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2017;2(3):80-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12,
  author = {Karina Merini Tonon and Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter and Geovana Dagostim Savi and Vildes Maria Scussel},
  title = {Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  abstract = {The safety of foods (human milk-HM; infant formula-IF; milk-based products-MBPs) aimed for children nutrition (from birth to 5 years old) through filamentous fungi & yeasts were investigated (n = 158). Their analysis followed the ISO 6611: 2004 recommended for total load (isolation & enumeration) in milk and dairy products. The occurrence of filamentous fungi & yeasts was observed in 29, 51 and 60% of the HM (n = 98), IF (n = 45) and MBP (n = 15) samples surveyed. Fungi isolated present counts above 102 CFU/g and yeasts higher (> 104CFU/g). Aspergillus, Penicillium and Thichoderma genera were identified in all the three sample types at percentages of 100/13/9%, 78/11/22% and 32/39/25% for IF, MBP and HM samples, respectively, being Aspergillus the most isolated, especially in the IF samples. Despite deterioration that can cause, the presence of filamentous fungi in HM and other infant foods, can enable mycotoxins production as long as toxigenic species are present which are hazardous for babies.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition
AU  - Karina Merini Tonon
AU  - Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter
AU  - Geovana Dagostim Savi
AU  - Vildes Maria Scussel
Y1  - 2017/07/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 80
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
AB  - The safety of foods (human milk-HM; infant formula-IF; milk-based products-MBPs) aimed for children nutrition (from birth to 5 years old) through filamentous fungi & yeasts were investigated (n = 158). Their analysis followed the ISO 6611: 2004 recommended for total load (isolation & enumeration) in milk and dairy products. The occurrence of filamentous fungi & yeasts was observed in 29, 51 and 60% of the HM (n = 98), IF (n = 45) and MBP (n = 15) samples surveyed. Fungi isolated present counts above 102 CFU/g and yeasts higher (> 104CFU/g). Aspergillus, Penicillium and Thichoderma genera were identified in all the three sample types at percentages of 100/13/9%, 78/11/22% and 32/39/25% for IF, MBP and HM samples, respectively, being Aspergillus the most isolated, especially in the IF samples. Despite deterioration that can cause, the presence of filamentous fungi in HM and other infant foods, can enable mycotoxins production as long as toxigenic species are present which are hazardous for babies.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Karina Merini Tonon

Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter

Natural Sciences Department, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
Geovana Dagostim Savi

Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
Vildes Maria Scussel

Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Karina Merini Tonon, Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter, Geovana Dagostim Savi, Vildes Maria Scussel. (2017). Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2(3), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Karina Merini Tonon; Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter; Geovana Dagostim Savi; Vildes Maria Scussel. Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(3), 80-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Karina Merini Tonon, Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter, Geovana Dagostim Savi, Vildes Maria Scussel. Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2017;2(3):80-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12,
  author = {Karina Merini Tonon and Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter and Geovana Dagostim Savi and Vildes Maria Scussel},
  title = {Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20170203.12},
  abstract = {The safety of foods (human milk-HM; infant formula-IF; milk-based products-MBPs) aimed for children nutrition (from birth to 5 years old) through filamentous fungi & yeasts were investigated (n = 158). Their analysis followed the ISO 6611: 2004 recommended for total load (isolation & enumeration) in milk and dairy products. The occurrence of filamentous fungi & yeasts was observed in 29, 51 and 60% of the HM (n = 98), IF (n = 45) and MBP (n = 15) samples surveyed. Fungi isolated present counts above 102 CFU/g and yeasts higher (> 104CFU/g). Aspergillus, Penicillium and Thichoderma genera were identified in all the three sample types at percentages of 100/13/9%, 78/11/22% and 32/39/25% for IF, MBP and HM samples, respectively, being Aspergillus the most isolated, especially in the IF samples. Despite deterioration that can cause, the presence of filamentous fungi in HM and other infant foods, can enable mycotoxins production as long as toxigenic species are present which are hazardous for babies.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Occurrence of Filamentous Fungi in Human Milk, Infant Formula and Milk-Based Products for Young Children Nutrition
AU  - Karina Merini Tonon
AU  - Mercedes Gabriela Ratto Reiter
AU  - Geovana Dagostim Savi
AU  - Vildes Maria Scussel
Y1  - 2017/07/10
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 80
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170203.12
AB  - The safety of foods (human milk-HM; infant formula-IF; milk-based products-MBPs) aimed for children nutrition (from birth to 5 years old) through filamentous fungi & yeasts were investigated (n = 158). Their analysis followed the ISO 6611: 2004 recommended for total load (isolation & enumeration) in milk and dairy products. The occurrence of filamentous fungi & yeasts was observed in 29, 51 and 60% of the HM (n = 98), IF (n = 45) and MBP (n = 15) samples surveyed. Fungi isolated present counts above 102 CFU/g and yeasts higher (> 104CFU/g). Aspergillus, Penicillium and Thichoderma genera were identified in all the three sample types at percentages of 100/13/9%, 78/11/22% and 32/39/25% for IF, MBP and HM samples, respectively, being Aspergillus the most isolated, especially in the IF samples. Despite deterioration that can cause, the presence of filamentous fungi in HM and other infant foods, can enable mycotoxins production as long as toxigenic species are present which are hazardous for babies.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download