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Multivariate Analysis: Worry of Attack Is Influenced by Racial Origin and Other Social Factors

Received: 17 February 2022    Accepted: 8 March 2022    Published: 14 April 2022
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Abstract

Historically, the UK has been known as a very heterogeneous country. Since the Middle Ages, racial and religious diversity has increased and is increasing again in the modern era. The outbreak of immigrants in Europe occurred in early 2010, as several crises in Africa and the Syrian war drove tens of millions of lives to Western Europe. England is a country that is open to accepting the entry of foreigners. Apart from the conflict, the ease of getting a job and a livelihood also has a significant impact on increasing immigration. This immigrant Phenomenon gives birth to social unrest, namely stereotypical discrimination. The development of ideologies such as xenophobia and religiophobia which spread fear and hatred of foreign people and religions makes minority groups afraid of being attacked. This small group had faced difficulties such as refusal to live in the environment, especially in urban areas. Not to mention the racial and gender factors that position women under the power of the opposite sex. Stereotyped perspectives affect the psychology of outnumbered groups, which can lead to fears of being attacked by the dominant group both verbally and physically. This paper aims to find out how social factors such as ethnic origin, religion, type of region, and gender of the population in England and Wales can explain the fear of attacks. This examination uses multivariate analysis and draws on the 2013-14 England and Wales Crime Survey.

Published in International Journal of Law and Society (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11
Page(s) 149-152
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Worry of Attack, Ethnic Origin, Sex/Gender, Religion, Type of Living Area

References
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[3] Bozo, J., Revels-Macalinao, M. and Huynh, V. (2018). Examining Skin Color and Discrimination Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents. Race and social problems, 10 (4), pp. 320–331.
[4] Dobrić Basaneže, K. and Ostojić, P. (2021). Migration Discourse in Croatian News Media. Medijska istraživanja, 27 (1), pp. 5–27.
[5] Esses, V. M. (2021). Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants. Annual review of psychology, 72 (1), pp. 503–531.
[6] Hutcheson, G. D. and Sofroniou, N. (1999). The Multivariate Social Scientist. London: SAGE Publications.
[7] International Migration: A Recent History. Ons.gov.uk. Office for National Statistic. 15 January 2015. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/articles. 30 November 2021.
[8] Kent, R. A. (2015). Analysing Quantitative Data: Variable-based and Case-based Approaches to Non-experimental Datasets. 55 City Road: SAGE Publications Ltd.
[9] Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean journal of anesthesiology, 72 (6), pp. 558–569.
[10] Loesch, M. F. (2015). UK Data Archive. Technical services quarterly, 32 (2), pp. 233–234.
[11] Olivier, J. and Wodon, Q. (2012). The Role of Faith-inspired Health Care Providers in Sub-Saharan Africa and Public-Private Partnerships : Strengthening the Evidence for Faith-inspired Health Engagement in Africa, Volume 1.
[12] Pettas, D. (2019). Power relations, conflicts and everyday life in urban public space. City (London, England), 23 (2), pp. 222–244.
[13] Peterie, M. and Neil, D. (2020). Xenophobia towards asylum seekers: A survey of social theories. Journal of sociology (Melbourne, Vic.), 56 (1), pp. 23–35.
[14] Schwartz, C. et al. (2021). A Populist Paradox? How Brexit Softened Anti-Immigrant Attitudes. British journal of political science, 51 (3), pp. 1160–1180.
[15] Silva, J. R. et al. (2021). Gender-Based Mass Shootings: An Examination of Attacks Motivated by Grievances Against Women. Violence against women, 27 (12-13), pp. 2163–2186.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Hugo Adi Nugroho. (2022). Multivariate Analysis: Worry of Attack Is Influenced by Racial Origin and Other Social Factors. International Journal of Law and Society, 5(2), 149-152. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11

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    ACS Style

    Hugo Adi Nugroho. Multivariate Analysis: Worry of Attack Is Influenced by Racial Origin and Other Social Factors. Int. J. Law Soc. 2022, 5(2), 149-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11

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    AMA Style

    Hugo Adi Nugroho. Multivariate Analysis: Worry of Attack Is Influenced by Racial Origin and Other Social Factors. Int J Law Soc. 2022;5(2):149-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11,
      author = {Hugo Adi Nugroho},
      title = {Multivariate Analysis: Worry of Attack Is Influenced by Racial Origin and Other Social Factors},
      journal = {International Journal of Law and Society},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {149-152},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20220502.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijls.20220502.11},
      abstract = {Historically, the UK has been known as a very heterogeneous country. Since the Middle Ages, racial and religious diversity has increased and is increasing again in the modern era. The outbreak of immigrants in Europe occurred in early 2010, as several crises in Africa and the Syrian war drove tens of millions of lives to Western Europe. England is a country that is open to accepting the entry of foreigners. Apart from the conflict, the ease of getting a job and a livelihood also has a significant impact on increasing immigration. This immigrant Phenomenon gives birth to social unrest, namely stereotypical discrimination. The development of ideologies such as xenophobia and religiophobia which spread fear and hatred of foreign people and religions makes minority groups afraid of being attacked. This small group had faced difficulties such as refusal to live in the environment, especially in urban areas. Not to mention the racial and gender factors that position women under the power of the opposite sex. Stereotyped perspectives affect the psychology of outnumbered groups, which can lead to fears of being attacked by the dominant group both verbally and physically. This paper aims to find out how social factors such as ethnic origin, religion, type of region, and gender of the population in England and Wales can explain the fear of attacks. This examination uses multivariate analysis and draws on the 2013-14 England and Wales Crime Survey.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AB  - Historically, the UK has been known as a very heterogeneous country. Since the Middle Ages, racial and religious diversity has increased and is increasing again in the modern era. The outbreak of immigrants in Europe occurred in early 2010, as several crises in Africa and the Syrian war drove tens of millions of lives to Western Europe. England is a country that is open to accepting the entry of foreigners. Apart from the conflict, the ease of getting a job and a livelihood also has a significant impact on increasing immigration. This immigrant Phenomenon gives birth to social unrest, namely stereotypical discrimination. The development of ideologies such as xenophobia and religiophobia which spread fear and hatred of foreign people and religions makes minority groups afraid of being attacked. This small group had faced difficulties such as refusal to live in the environment, especially in urban areas. Not to mention the racial and gender factors that position women under the power of the opposite sex. Stereotyped perspectives affect the psychology of outnumbered groups, which can lead to fears of being attacked by the dominant group both verbally and physically. This paper aims to find out how social factors such as ethnic origin, religion, type of region, and gender of the population in England and Wales can explain the fear of attacks. This examination uses multivariate analysis and draws on the 2013-14 England and Wales Crime Survey.
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Author Information
  • Department of Sociology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

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