Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women

Maha M Badkook; Randa M Shrourou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women

Maha M Badkook, Randa M Shrourou

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 12 September 2013 Published: 20 October 2013

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Abstract

Background: Arabic coffee is a form of boiled unfiltered coffee rich in diterpenes, components shown to raise cholesterol. Cardamom, a component of Arabic coffee, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of daily consumption of Arabic coffee with two different doses of cardamom on blood pressure, lipids, heart, and liver function biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Healthy adult females (n=36) were divided in three groups. Each was given daily 500 ml Arabic coffee, either with no cardamom (3:0, Control), or with one proportion of cardamom (3:1, ACLC), or with two proportions of cardamom (3:2, ACHC) 5 days/week, for a period of 4 weeks. Fasting blood was withdrawn at baseline, and end of intervention. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart, and liver enzymes. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of intervention. Results: TC was elevated in ACLC group, while TC and LDL-C increased in ACHC group. GGT significantly decreased in both groups. Coffee consumption with both cardamom doses showed no differences in blood pressure, lipids, heart and liver enzymes, or CRP compared to non-cardamom Arabic coffee. Conclusion: Daily consumption of 500 ml of Arabic coffee with regular or high doses of cardamom might be a risk factor for CVD due to elevation of TC and LDL-C especially with the high cardamom dose, despite its nil effect on blood pressure and inflammation, and beneficial effect on liver GGT enzyme.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
Page(s)	280-286
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Arabic Coffee, Cardamom, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular, Inflammation

References

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APA Style

Maha M Badkook, Randa M Shrourou. (2013). Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(6), 280-286. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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ACS Style

Maha M Badkook; Randa M Shrourou. Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013, 2(6), 280-286. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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AMA Style

Maha M Badkook, Randa M Shrourou. Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(6):280-286. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13,
  author = {Maha M Badkook and Randa M Shrourou},
  title = {Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {280-286},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  abstract = {Background: Arabic coffee is a form of boiled unfiltered coffee rich in diterpenes, components shown to raise cholesterol. Cardamom, a component of Arabic coffee, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of daily consumption of Arabic coffee with two different doses of cardamom on blood pressure, lipids, heart, and liver function biomarkers. Materials and Methods:  Healthy adult females (n=36) were divided in three groups. Each was given daily 500 ml Arabic coffee, either with no cardamom (3:0, Control), or with one proportion of cardamom (3:1, ACLC), or with two proportions of cardamom (3:2, ACHC) 5 days/week, for a period of 4 weeks. Fasting blood was withdrawn at baseline, and end of intervention. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart, and liver enzymes. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of intervention. Results: TC was elevated in ACLC group, while TC and LDL-C increased in ACHC group. GGT significantly decreased in both groups. Coffee consumption with both cardamom doses showed no differences in blood pressure, lipids, heart and liver enzymes, or CRP compared to non-cardamom Arabic coffee. Conclusion:  Daily consumption of 500 ml of Arabic coffee with regular or high doses of cardamom might be a risk factor for CVD due to elevation of TC and LDL-C especially with the high cardamom dose, despite its nil effect on blood pressure and inflammation, and beneficial effect on liver GGT enzyme.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women
AU  - Maha M Badkook
AU  - Randa M Shrourou
Y1  - 2013/10/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 280
EP  - 286
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
AB  - Background: Arabic coffee is a form of boiled unfiltered coffee rich in diterpenes, components shown to raise cholesterol. Cardamom, a component of Arabic coffee, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of daily consumption of Arabic coffee with two different doses of cardamom on blood pressure, lipids, heart, and liver function biomarkers. Materials and Methods:  Healthy adult females (n=36) were divided in three groups. Each was given daily 500 ml Arabic coffee, either with no cardamom (3:0, Control), or with one proportion of cardamom (3:1, ACLC), or with two proportions of cardamom (3:2, ACHC) 5 days/week, for a period of 4 weeks. Fasting blood was withdrawn at baseline, and end of intervention. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart, and liver enzymes. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of intervention. Results: TC was elevated in ACLC group, while TC and LDL-C increased in ACHC group. GGT significantly decreased in both groups. Coffee consumption with both cardamom doses showed no differences in blood pressure, lipids, heart and liver enzymes, or CRP compared to non-cardamom Arabic coffee. Conclusion:  Daily consumption of 500 ml of Arabic coffee with regular or high doses of cardamom might be a risk factor for CVD due to elevation of TC and LDL-C especially with the high cardamom dose, despite its nil effect on blood pressure and inflammation, and beneficial effect on liver GGT enzyme.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Maha M Badkook

Department of Food and Nutrition, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Randa M Shrourou

Department of Food and Nutrition, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Maha M Badkook, Randa M Shrourou. (2013). Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(6), 280-286. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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ACS Style

Maha M Badkook; Randa M Shrourou. Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2013, 2(6), 280-286. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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AMA Style

Maha M Badkook, Randa M Shrourou. Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2013;2(6):280-286. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13,
  author = {Maha M Badkook and Randa M Shrourou},
  title = {Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {280-286},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20130206.13},
  abstract = {Background: Arabic coffee is a form of boiled unfiltered coffee rich in diterpenes, components shown to raise cholesterol. Cardamom, a component of Arabic coffee, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of daily consumption of Arabic coffee with two different doses of cardamom on blood pressure, lipids, heart, and liver function biomarkers. Materials and Methods:  Healthy adult females (n=36) were divided in three groups. Each was given daily 500 ml Arabic coffee, either with no cardamom (3:0, Control), or with one proportion of cardamom (3:1, ACLC), or with two proportions of cardamom (3:2, ACHC) 5 days/week, for a period of 4 weeks. Fasting blood was withdrawn at baseline, and end of intervention. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart, and liver enzymes. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of intervention. Results: TC was elevated in ACLC group, while TC and LDL-C increased in ACHC group. GGT significantly decreased in both groups. Coffee consumption with both cardamom doses showed no differences in blood pressure, lipids, heart and liver enzymes, or CRP compared to non-cardamom Arabic coffee. Conclusion:  Daily consumption of 500 ml of Arabic coffee with regular or high doses of cardamom might be a risk factor for CVD due to elevation of TC and LDL-C especially with the high cardamom dose, despite its nil effect on blood pressure and inflammation, and beneficial effect on liver GGT enzyme.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Arabic Coffee with Two Doses of Cardamom: Effects on Health Biomarkers in Healthy Women
AU  - Maha M Badkook
AU  - Randa M Shrourou
Y1  - 2013/10/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 280
EP  - 286
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130206.13
AB  - Background: Arabic coffee is a form of boiled unfiltered coffee rich in diterpenes, components shown to raise cholesterol. Cardamom, a component of Arabic coffee, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of daily consumption of Arabic coffee with two different doses of cardamom on blood pressure, lipids, heart, and liver function biomarkers. Materials and Methods:  Healthy adult females (n=36) were divided in three groups. Each was given daily 500 ml Arabic coffee, either with no cardamom (3:0, Control), or with one proportion of cardamom (3:1, ACLC), or with two proportions of cardamom (3:2, ACHC) 5 days/week, for a period of 4 weeks. Fasting blood was withdrawn at baseline, and end of intervention. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart, and liver enzymes. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of intervention. Results: TC was elevated in ACLC group, while TC and LDL-C increased in ACHC group. GGT significantly decreased in both groups. Coffee consumption with both cardamom doses showed no differences in blood pressure, lipids, heart and liver enzymes, or CRP compared to non-cardamom Arabic coffee. Conclusion:  Daily consumption of 500 ml of Arabic coffee with regular or high doses of cardamom might be a risk factor for CVD due to elevation of TC and LDL-C especially with the high cardamom dose, despite its nil effect on blood pressure and inflammation, and beneficial effect on liver GGT enzyme.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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