Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

Golly Moses Kwaku; Salifu Pandam Samson; Mills-Robertson Felix Charles

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

Golly Moses Kwaku, Salifu Pandam Samson, Mills-Robertson Felix Charles

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 23 June 2016 Accepted: 7 July 2016 Published: 21 July 2016

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Abstract

Despite the benefits humanity derives from vegetables, they are as well a good source of foodborne illnesses when contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms especially the antibiotic resistant ones. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from three commonly consumed vegetables; cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 78 bacteria isolates were obtained from the three vegetables with the Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.08% (18/78) whilst the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.92% (60/78). The Gram-negative bacteria consisted of Acinectobacter spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas spp., Chryseomonas loteola, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Erwinia nigrifluence, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp. and Serratia spp. while Gram-positive bacteria consisted of Brevibacillus spp., Brochothrix thermosphacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp. All the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, 88.2% were resistant to cefuroxime with 64.7% resistant to tetracycline and 17.6% resistant to cotrimoxazole but were all sensitive to gentamycin. For the Gram-negative bacteria, 96.7% were resistant to ampicillin with 90% being resistant to cefuroxime, 73.3% and 60% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, but unlike the Gram-positives, 15% of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamycin. All the Gram-positive isolates demonstrated multi antibiotic resistance (MAR), with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. being resistant to seven (7) out of the eight (8) tested antibiotics. For the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter were resistant to all eight (8) antibiotics. The implication of the findings in this study presents vegetables as a potential vehicle for microbial food poisoning as well as a source of infectious diseases that cannot be treated with commonly used antibiotics. Thus, good practices should be undertaken to reduce if not eliminate contamination of vegetables.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
Page(s)	297-303
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacteria, Ghana, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence, Vegetables

References

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Golly Moses Kwaku, Salifu Pandam Samson, Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. (2016). Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(4), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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Golly Moses Kwaku; Salifu Pandam Samson; Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2016, 5(4), 297-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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Golly Moses Kwaku, Salifu Pandam Samson, Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;5(4):297-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20,
  author = {Golly Moses Kwaku and Salifu Pandam Samson and Mills-Robertson Felix Charles},
  title = {Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {297-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  abstract = {Despite the benefits humanity derives from vegetables, they are as well a good source of foodborne illnesses when contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms especially the antibiotic resistant ones. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from three commonly consumed vegetables; cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 78 bacteria isolates were obtained from the three vegetables with the Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.08% (18/78) whilst the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.92% (60/78). The Gram-negative bacteria consisted of Acinectobacter spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas spp., Chryseomonas loteola, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Erwinia nigrifluence, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp. and Serratia spp.  while Gram-positive bacteria consisted of Brevibacillus spp., Brochothrix thermosphacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp.  All the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, 88.2% were resistant to cefuroxime with 64.7% resistant to tetracycline and 17.6% resistant to cotrimoxazole but were all sensitive to gentamycin. For the Gram-negative bacteria, 96.7% were resistant to ampicillin with 90% being resistant to cefuroxime, 73.3% and 60% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, but unlike the Gram-positives, 15% of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamycin. All the Gram-positive isolates demonstrated multi antibiotic resistance (MAR), with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. being resistant to seven (7) out of the eight (8) tested antibiotics. For the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter were resistant to all eight (8) antibiotics. The implication of the findings in this study presents vegetables as a potential vehicle for microbial food poisoning as well as a source of infectious diseases that cannot be treated with commonly used antibiotics. Thus, good practices should be undertaken to reduce if not eliminate contamination of vegetables.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
AU  - Golly Moses Kwaku
AU  - Salifu Pandam Samson
AU  - Mills-Robertson Felix Charles
Y1  - 2016/07/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 297
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
AB  - Despite the benefits humanity derives from vegetables, they are as well a good source of foodborne illnesses when contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms especially the antibiotic resistant ones. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from three commonly consumed vegetables; cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 78 bacteria isolates were obtained from the three vegetables with the Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.08% (18/78) whilst the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.92% (60/78). The Gram-negative bacteria consisted of Acinectobacter spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas spp., Chryseomonas loteola, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Erwinia nigrifluence, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp. and Serratia spp.  while Gram-positive bacteria consisted of Brevibacillus spp., Brochothrix thermosphacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp.  All the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, 88.2% were resistant to cefuroxime with 64.7% resistant to tetracycline and 17.6% resistant to cotrimoxazole but were all sensitive to gentamycin. For the Gram-negative bacteria, 96.7% were resistant to ampicillin with 90% being resistant to cefuroxime, 73.3% and 60% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, but unlike the Gram-positives, 15% of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamycin. All the Gram-positive isolates demonstrated multi antibiotic resistance (MAR), with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. being resistant to seven (7) out of the eight (8) tested antibiotics. For the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter were resistant to all eight (8) antibiotics. The implication of the findings in this study presents vegetables as a potential vehicle for microbial food poisoning as well as a source of infectious diseases that cannot be treated with commonly used antibiotics. Thus, good practices should be undertaken to reduce if not eliminate contamination of vegetables.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Golly Moses Kwaku

Hospitality and Tourism Department, Sunyani Polytechnic, Sunyani, Ghana
Salifu Pandam Samson

Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Mills-Robertson Felix Charles

Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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Golly Moses Kwaku, Salifu Pandam Samson, Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. (2016). Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(4), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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Golly Moses Kwaku; Salifu Pandam Samson; Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2016, 5(4), 297-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

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Golly Moses Kwaku, Salifu Pandam Samson, Mills-Robertson Felix Charles. Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;5(4):297-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20,
  author = {Golly Moses Kwaku and Salifu Pandam Samson and Mills-Robertson Felix Charles},
  title = {Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {297-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20160504.20},
  abstract = {Despite the benefits humanity derives from vegetables, they are as well a good source of foodborne illnesses when contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms especially the antibiotic resistant ones. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from three commonly consumed vegetables; cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 78 bacteria isolates were obtained from the three vegetables with the Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.08% (18/78) whilst the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.92% (60/78). The Gram-negative bacteria consisted of Acinectobacter spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas spp., Chryseomonas loteola, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Erwinia nigrifluence, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp. and Serratia spp.  while Gram-positive bacteria consisted of Brevibacillus spp., Brochothrix thermosphacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp.  All the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, 88.2% were resistant to cefuroxime with 64.7% resistant to tetracycline and 17.6% resistant to cotrimoxazole but were all sensitive to gentamycin. For the Gram-negative bacteria, 96.7% were resistant to ampicillin with 90% being resistant to cefuroxime, 73.3% and 60% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, but unlike the Gram-positives, 15% of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamycin. All the Gram-positive isolates demonstrated multi antibiotic resistance (MAR), with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. being resistant to seven (7) out of the eight (8) tested antibiotics. For the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter were resistant to all eight (8) antibiotics. The implication of the findings in this study presents vegetables as a potential vehicle for microbial food poisoning as well as a source of infectious diseases that cannot be treated with commonly used antibiotics. Thus, good practices should be undertaken to reduce if not eliminate contamination of vegetables.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance of Bacteria Isolates from Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Carrots (Daucus carota) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
AU  - Golly Moses Kwaku
AU  - Salifu Pandam Samson
AU  - Mills-Robertson Felix Charles
Y1  - 2016/07/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 297
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.20
AB  - Despite the benefits humanity derives from vegetables, they are as well a good source of foodborne illnesses when contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms especially the antibiotic resistant ones. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from three commonly consumed vegetables; cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrots (Daucus carota) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 78 bacteria isolates were obtained from the three vegetables with the Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 23.08% (18/78) whilst the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.92% (60/78). The Gram-negative bacteria consisted of Acinectobacter spp., Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas spp., Chryseomonas loteola, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Erwinia nigrifluence, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp. and Serratia spp.  while Gram-positive bacteria consisted of Brevibacillus spp., Brochothrix thermosphacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus spp.  All the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and flucloxacillin, 88.2% were resistant to cefuroxime with 64.7% resistant to tetracycline and 17.6% resistant to cotrimoxazole but were all sensitive to gentamycin. For the Gram-negative bacteria, 96.7% were resistant to ampicillin with 90% being resistant to cefuroxime, 73.3% and 60% were resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively, but unlike the Gram-positives, 15% of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamycin. All the Gram-positive isolates demonstrated multi antibiotic resistance (MAR), with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. being resistant to seven (7) out of the eight (8) tested antibiotics. For the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter were resistant to all eight (8) antibiotics. The implication of the findings in this study presents vegetables as a potential vehicle for microbial food poisoning as well as a source of infectious diseases that cannot be treated with commonly used antibiotics. Thus, good practices should be undertaken to reduce if not eliminate contamination of vegetables.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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