This study was carried out to investigate that the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on Hypercholesterolemia in rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into 5 groups, group 1 was given the basal diet as a negative control group (-ve), group 2 was given the basal diet with GSO instead of soybean oil as a negative control for GSO. Groups (3, 4 and 5) were fed on high cholesterol diet (HCD) (1% cholesterol powder and 0.5% bile salt for 8 weeks), Group 3 was +ve control, group 4 and 5 were treatment groups which received GSO 2% and 4% daily with HCD. The results of this study indicated that the GSO caused an improvement in the blood lipids especially 4% GSO. The 4% GSO decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), and caused a significant increase in HDL-C level. Also, 2% GSO decreased TG, LDL-C and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), whereas the level of HDL-C showed significant increases. Subsequently, GSO enhanced the lipid ratios: atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), LDL-c to HDL-c ratio and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Moreover, the serum, liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) levels also, enhanced in the GSO groups. However, 4% GSO led to significant decrease in serum MDA and elevated serum GST. Otherwise, histopathological examination showed enhanced in the heart and aorta of rats compared with the +ve control group. This study indicates that GSO effective in lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c and increasing HDL-c. Therefore, GSO have hypocholesterolemic effect and might be effective to protect against the risk of CVD.
| Published in | International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11 |
| Page(s) | 310-317 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Grape Seed Oil, GSO, Lipid Profile, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL
| [1] | Abdulrahman N., Abbas L., Darweesh H., Aref A., Ahmed M., Babaker M. et al., (2013): Effect of grape seed on some blood parameters and serum components of common CARP J Food Industries and Nutr. Sci. 3: 169-174. |
| [2] | Matthaus B. (2008): Virgin grape seed oil: Is it really a nutritional highlight? Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 110: 645–650. |
| [3] | Fernandes L., Casal S., Cruz R., Pereira J. and Ramalhosa E. (2013): Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Research International. 50: 161-166. |
| [4] | Bail S., Stuebiger G., Krist S., Unterweger H. and Buchbauer G. (2008): Characterisation of various grape seed oils by volatile compounds, triacylglycerol composition, total phenols and antioxidant capacity. Food Chemistry. 108: 1122–1132. |
| [5] | Bravi M., Spinoglio F., Verdone N., Adami M., Aliboni A., D’Andrea A. et al., (2007): Improving the extraction of α-tocopherol-enriched oil from grape seeds by supercritical CO2. Optimisation of the extraction conditions. J Food Engineering. 78: 488–493. |
| [6] | Kim D., Jeon G., Sung J., Oh S., Hong H. and Lee J. (2010): Effect of grape seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profiles in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol. 19 (1): 249-252. |
| [7] | Ranjbar-Zahedani M., Alinejad N., Zadeh S. and Mazloom Z. (2015): Comparison of the effects of edible oils: rice bran, grape seed, and canola on serum lipid profile and paraoxonase activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 9 (1): 28-33. |
| [8] | Pilehvar A., Tabrizi B. and Javadi A. (2013): The effect of grape seeds oil on lipid content of serum in rats. Adv. Biores. 4: 21-25. |
| [9] | Wang Z., Zhang Z., Du N., Wang K. and Li L. (2015): Hepatoprotective Effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2: 12-21. |
| [10] | Pardo J., Fernandez E., Rubio M., Alvarruiz A. and Alonso G. (2009): Characterization of grape seed oil from different grape varieties (Vitis vinifera). Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 111: 188–193. |
| [11] | Irandoost P., Ebrahimi M., and Pirouzpanah S. (2013): Does grape seed oil improve inflammation and insulin resistance in overweight or obese women? Int J Food Sci Nutr. 64 (6): 706–710. |
| [12] | Lai X., Kang X., Zeng L., Li J., Yang Y. and Liu D. (2014): The protective effects and genetic pathways of thorn grape seeds oil against high glucoseinduced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14: 10. |
| [13] | Javadi S., Eftekhari A. and Farshid A. (2014): The effects of grape seed oil on histopathological changes of the pancreas, liver and plasma lipids in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The J Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 25 (7): 606–615. |
| [14] | Gómez A. M., Pereyra L. C. and Martínez E. (1996): Chem. Eng. J. 61: 227. |
| [15] | Hatzidimitriou E., Nenadis N. and Tsimidou M. Z. (2007): Changes in the catechin and epicatechin content of grape seeds on storage under different water activity (aw) conditions. Food Chemistry 105: 1504-1511. |
| [16] | ISO 5509, (2000): Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids. International Standard Organization, Geneva (Switzerland). |
| [17] | ISO 5508, (1990): Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Analysis by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty acids. International Standard Organization, Geneva (Switzerland). |
| [18] | Reeves P. G., Nielsen F. H. and Fahmy G. G. (1993): AIN-93. Purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition adhoc wriling committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76 A Rodent diet. J. Nutrition. 123: 1939-151. |
| [19] | Takako Y., Eun Ju C., Sumiyo S., Akiko S., Takuya O. and Yasuo S. (2006): The Protective Role of Chinese Prescription Kangen-karyu Extract on Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29 (4): 760-765. |
| [20] | Naito H. K. (1984a): Cholesterol. Kaplan A et al., Clin Chem The C. V. Mosby Co. St Louis. Toronto. Princeton; 1194-11206 and 437. |
| [21] | Fossati P. and Prencipe L. (1982): Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin. Chem 28 (10): 2077-2080. |
| [22] | Grove T. H. (1979): Effect of reagent pH on Determination of HDL Cholesterol by precipitation with Sodium Phosphotungstate-magnesium Clin Chem 25: 560-561. |
| [23] | Naito H. K. (1984b): High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Kaplan A et al. Clin Chem. The C. V. Mosby Co. St Louis. Toronto. Princeton 1207-1213 and 437. |
| [24] | Friedewald W. T., Levy R. I. and Fredrickson D. S. (1972): Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18: 499-502. |
| [25] | IFCC, (1976): Expert Panel of Enzymes of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Clin. Chem. Acta. 70: 19-42. |
| [26] | IFCC, (1980): Expert Panel of Enzymes of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Clin. Chem. Acta. 105: 147-172. |
| [27] | GSCC, (1972): German Society of Clinical Chemistry Standard method for determination Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activity. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 10: 290. |
| [28] | Satoh K. (1978): Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clin, Chem. Acta. 90: 37-43. |
| [29] | Ohkawa H., Hishi W. and Yagi K. (1979): Assay for lipid peroxide in animal tissues by Thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem, 95: 351-358. |
| [30] | Habig W. and Pabst M. and Jakoby W. (1974): Glutathione Stransferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130–7139. |
| [31] | Mannervik B. and Danielson U. H. (1988): Glutathione transferases - structure and catalytic activity. CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 23: 283-337. |
| [32] | Bhardwaj S. Bhattacharjee J., Bhatnagar M. K. and Tyagi S. (2013): Atherogenic Index of Plasma, CASTELLI Risk Index and Atherogenic Coefficient- New Parameters in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk. IJPBS. 3 (3): 359-364. |
| [33] | Banchroft J. D., Stevens A. and Turner D. R. (1996): Theory and practice of histological techniques, Fourth Ed. Churchil Livingstone, New York, London Can J. Biochem Physiol. 37: 679-686. |
| [34] | SAS, (1996): Statistical Analysis System, User Guide Statistics. SAS Institute Inc. Editors, Cary, NC. |
| [35] | Weiss L. A., Pan L., Abney M. and Ober C. (2006): The sex-specific genetic architecture of quantitative traits in humans. Nat. Genet. 38: 218-222. |
| [36] | Rader D., Cohen J. and Hobbs H. (2003): Monogenic hypercholesterolemia: new insights in pathogenesis and treatment. J Clin Invest. 111: 1795–1803. |
| [37] | Brænne I., Reiz B., Medack A., Kleinecke M., Fischer M., Tuna S., et al., (2014): Whole-exome sequencing in an extended family with myocardial infarction unmasks familial hypercholesterolemia. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 14: 108. |
| [38] | Goldstein J. L. and Brown M. S. (2009): The LDL receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 29: 431-438. |
| [39] | Chung H., Choe C., Lee J., Park W. and Kang M. (2003): The effect of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplementation on blood lipid profiles and bone strength in ovariectomized female rats. Korean J Nutr. 36 (7): 667-674. |
| [40] | Nash D. T. (2004): Cardiovascular risk beyond LDL-C levels: Other lipids are performers in cholesterol story. Postgraduate Medicine. 116: 11–15. |
| [41] | Blu K., Zurabashvili D. Z., Turabelidze D. G., Zurabashvili Z. A. and Giorgobiani I. B. (2012): Fatty acids of grape seed oil and its biological activity as 1.0% and 2.5% food-additive. Georgian Med News. 207: 47-50. |
| [42] | Maheswari M. U. and Rao P. G. (2005): Antihepatotoxic effect of grape seed oil in rat. Indian J Pharmacol. 37 (3): 179-182. |
| [43] | Khudair K. and Aldabaj A. (2015): Effect of grape seed oil on hepatic function in adult male rabbits treated with sodium fluoride (Part-II). Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 3: 550-558. |
| [44] | Ismail A., Moawed F. and Mohamed M. (2015): Protective mechanism of grape seed oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced brain damage in γ-irradiated rats. J Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology. 153: 317–323. |
| [45] | Kwok C., Wong C., Yau M. Y., Yu P. H., Shan Au A. L., Poon C. C. et al., (2010): Consumption of dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida (hawthorn) suppresses high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. J of Functional Foods. 2 (3): 179–186. |
APA Style
Reda Ahmed Mokhtar, Nefisa Hassan El-Banna, Mohammed Hamdy Haggag. (2016). Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(5), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11
ACS Style
Reda Ahmed Mokhtar; Nefisa Hassan El-Banna; Mohammed Hamdy Haggag. Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2016, 5(5), 310-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11
AMA Style
Reda Ahmed Mokhtar, Nefisa Hassan El-Banna, Mohammed Hamdy Haggag. Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;5(5):310-317. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11,
author = {Reda Ahmed Mokhtar and Nefisa Hassan El-Banna and Mohammed Hamdy Haggag},
title = {Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Rats},
journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {310-317},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20160505.11},
abstract = {This study was carried out to investigate that the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on Hypercholesterolemia in rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into 5 groups, group 1 was given the basal diet as a negative control group (-ve), group 2 was given the basal diet with GSO instead of soybean oil as a negative control for GSO. Groups (3, 4 and 5) were fed on high cholesterol diet (HCD) (1% cholesterol powder and 0.5% bile salt for 8 weeks), Group 3 was +ve control, group 4 and 5 were treatment groups which received GSO 2% and 4% daily with HCD. The results of this study indicated that the GSO caused an improvement in the blood lipids especially 4% GSO. The 4% GSO decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), and caused a significant increase in HDL-C level. Also, 2% GSO decreased TG, LDL-C and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), whereas the level of HDL-C showed significant increases. Subsequently, GSO enhanced the lipid ratios: atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), LDL-c to HDL-c ratio and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Moreover, the serum, liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) levels also, enhanced in the GSO groups. However, 4% GSO led to significant decrease in serum MDA and elevated serum GST. Otherwise, histopathological examination showed enhanced in the heart and aorta of rats compared with the +ve control group. This study indicates that GSO effective in lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c and increasing HDL-c. Therefore, GSO have hypocholesterolemic effect and might be effective to protect against the risk of CVD.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Protective Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Rats AU - Reda Ahmed Mokhtar AU - Nefisa Hassan El-Banna AU - Mohammed Hamdy Haggag Y1 - 2016/08/04 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11 T2 - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JF - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JO - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences SP - 310 EP - 317 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-2716 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160505.11 AB - This study was carried out to investigate that the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) on Hypercholesterolemia in rats. Thirty-five rats were divided into 5 groups, group 1 was given the basal diet as a negative control group (-ve), group 2 was given the basal diet with GSO instead of soybean oil as a negative control for GSO. Groups (3, 4 and 5) were fed on high cholesterol diet (HCD) (1% cholesterol powder and 0.5% bile salt for 8 weeks), Group 3 was +ve control, group 4 and 5 were treatment groups which received GSO 2% and 4% daily with HCD. The results of this study indicated that the GSO caused an improvement in the blood lipids especially 4% GSO. The 4% GSO decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), and caused a significant increase in HDL-C level. Also, 2% GSO decreased TG, LDL-C and VLDL significantly (P ˂ 0.05), whereas the level of HDL-C showed significant increases. Subsequently, GSO enhanced the lipid ratios: atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), LDL-c to HDL-c ratio and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Moreover, the serum, liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) levels also, enhanced in the GSO groups. However, 4% GSO led to significant decrease in serum MDA and elevated serum GST. Otherwise, histopathological examination showed enhanced in the heart and aorta of rats compared with the +ve control group. This study indicates that GSO effective in lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c and increasing HDL-c. Therefore, GSO have hypocholesterolemic effect and might be effective to protect against the risk of CVD. VL - 5 IS - 5 ER -
Information
Email: