Deficiencies of minerals and trace elements are common and widespread, and are associated with adverse cardiovascular endpoints. Emerging evidence indicates that, diet rich in these nutrients constitutes a modifiable lifestyle factor that might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the clinical significance of these nutrients in optimizing cardiovascular health and/or ameliorating cardiovascular pathologies is currently debatable. This review aims to explore evidences in favor or against the role of these nutrients in the pathogenesis, progression, management and endpoints of CVDs, and extend the discussion on some discrepant research findings. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus and EMBASE databases on studies published in English between 1963 and 2016 using appropriate terms such as minerals, Trace elements, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese, Zinc deficiencies and CVD. Indeed, trace elements and minerals play significant cardio protective roles when they are present in adequate pharmacologic concentrations due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune function modulatory activities. The discrepant results recorded in some studies could be due to the effects of several poorly adjusted covariates such as interactions between paired/complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut off values for normal range, individual susceptibility and environmental factors and several methodology inadequacies. Supplementation of these nutrients in pharmacologic doses in high-risk individuals or those with known deficiency states is cardioprotective.
| Published in | International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11 |
| Page(s) | 53-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Trace Element, Mineral, Heart Disease
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APA Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. (2017). Essential Trace Element and Mineral Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts and Controversies. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 6(2), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11
ACS Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. Essential Trace Element and Mineral Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts and Controversies. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2017, 6(2), 53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11
AMA Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. Essential Trace Element and Mineral Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts and Controversies. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2017;6(2):53-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11,
author = {Christopher Edet Ekpenyong},
title = {Essential Trace Element and Mineral Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts and Controversies},
journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {53-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20170602.11},
abstract = {Deficiencies of minerals and trace elements are common and widespread, and are associated with adverse cardiovascular endpoints. Emerging evidence indicates that, diet rich in these nutrients constitutes a modifiable lifestyle factor that might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the clinical significance of these nutrients in optimizing cardiovascular health and/or ameliorating cardiovascular pathologies is currently debatable. This review aims to explore evidences in favor or against the role of these nutrients in the pathogenesis, progression, management and endpoints of CVDs, and extend the discussion on some discrepant research findings. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus and EMBASE databases on studies published in English between 1963 and 2016 using appropriate terms such as minerals, Trace elements, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese, Zinc deficiencies and CVD. Indeed, trace elements and minerals play significant cardio protective roles when they are present in adequate pharmacologic concentrations due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune function modulatory activities. The discrepant results recorded in some studies could be due to the effects of several poorly adjusted covariates such as interactions between paired/complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut off values for normal range, individual susceptibility and environmental factors and several methodology inadequacies. Supplementation of these nutrients in pharmacologic doses in high-risk individuals or those with known deficiency states is cardioprotective.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Essential Trace Element and Mineral Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts and Controversies AU - Christopher Edet Ekpenyong Y1 - 2017/02/04 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11 T2 - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JF - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JO - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences SP - 53 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-2716 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170602.11 AB - Deficiencies of minerals and trace elements are common and widespread, and are associated with adverse cardiovascular endpoints. Emerging evidence indicates that, diet rich in these nutrients constitutes a modifiable lifestyle factor that might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the clinical significance of these nutrients in optimizing cardiovascular health and/or ameliorating cardiovascular pathologies is currently debatable. This review aims to explore evidences in favor or against the role of these nutrients in the pathogenesis, progression, management and endpoints of CVDs, and extend the discussion on some discrepant research findings. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus and EMBASE databases on studies published in English between 1963 and 2016 using appropriate terms such as minerals, Trace elements, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese, Zinc deficiencies and CVD. Indeed, trace elements and minerals play significant cardio protective roles when they are present in adequate pharmacologic concentrations due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune function modulatory activities. The discrepant results recorded in some studies could be due to the effects of several poorly adjusted covariates such as interactions between paired/complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut off values for normal range, individual susceptibility and environmental factors and several methodology inadequacies. Supplementation of these nutrients in pharmacologic doses in high-risk individuals or those with known deficiency states is cardioprotective. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -
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