Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia

Yoko Horiuchi; Kaoru Kusama; Hiroko Oji; Sar Kanha; Nobuo Yoshiike

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia

Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)

Received: 10 August 2018 Accepted: 4 September 2018 Published: 28 September 2018

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Abstract

Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
Page(s)	155-159
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cambodia, School-Aged Children, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Development, Reference Weight

References

[1]	National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2013. Phonm Penh, 2013. Available at http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/ci_fn02.pdf(Accessed June 1, 2018).
[2]	E-Siong Tee, Rodolfo F. Florentino, Recommended dietary allowances: Harmonization in Southeast Asia. International Life Sciences Institute, Singapore, 2005. Available at http://ilsisea-region.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/06/ILSI-SEAR-Monograph-ASEAN-RDAs.pdf. (Accessed June 1, 2018).
[3]	Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR), Development of Recommended Dietary Allowance and Food Based Dietary Guidelines for school-aged children in Cambodia 2017. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/I9704EN/i9704en.pdf (Accessed June 8, 2018).
[4]	E-Siong Tee, 1998. Current Status of Recommended Dietary Allowances in Southeast Asia: A Regional Overview. Nutrition Reviews 56, 10-18. doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01709.x.
[5]	Puwastien P, Burlingame B, Raroengwichit M, Sungpuag P, ASEAN Food Composition Tables 2000. Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand, 2000.
[6]	INFOODS, SMILING food composition table for Cambodia. 2013. Available at http://www.fao.org/infoods/infoods/tables-and-databases/asia/en/. (Accessed June 1, 2018).
[7]	WHO, Energy and protein requirements: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 724. Geneva, 1985.
[8]	FAO, Human energy requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. 17-24. Rome, 2001.
[9]	WHO, Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2012.
[10]	WHO, Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2012.
[11]	WHO, Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva, 2003.
[12]	Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Scientific Committee of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese), Dietary reference intakes for Japanese (2015 revision). Tokyo, 2014. (in Japanese).
[13]	Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109825/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK109825.pdf (Accessed May 30, 2018).
[14]	Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Nutrition, Council for Public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese. Tokyo, 1959. (in Japanese).
[15]	Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Nutrition, Council for Public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (1969 revision). Tokyo, 1969. (in Japanese).
[16]	Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Health Promotion, Council for public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (5th revision). Tokyo, 1994. (in Japanese).
[17]	Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Health Promotion, Council for public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (6th revision). Tokyo, 1999. (in Japanese).

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APA Style

Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. (2018). Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 7(5), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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ACS Style

Yoko Horiuchi; Kaoru Kusama; Hiroko Oji; Sar Kanha; Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2018, 7(5), 155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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AMA Style

Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2018;7(5):155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11,
  author = {Yoko Horiuchi and Kaoru Kusama and Hiroko Oji and Sar Kanha and Nobuo Yoshiike},
  title = {Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {155-159},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  abstract = {Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia
AU  - Yoko Horiuchi
AU  - Kaoru Kusama
AU  - Hiroko Oji
AU  - Sar Kanha
AU  - Nobuo Yoshiike
Y1  - 2018/09/28
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 155
EP  - 159
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
AB  - Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Yoko Horiuchi

Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
Kaoru Kusama

Department of Food and Health sciences, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, Nagano, Japan
Hiroko Oji

NOM POPOK, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sar Kanha

Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Nobuo Yoshiike

Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan

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APA Style

Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. (2018). Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 7(5), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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ACS Style

Yoko Horiuchi; Kaoru Kusama; Hiroko Oji; Sar Kanha; Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2018, 7(5), 155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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AMA Style

Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2018;7(5):155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11,
  author = {Yoko Horiuchi and Kaoru Kusama and Hiroko Oji and Sar Kanha and Nobuo Yoshiike},
  title = {Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {5},
  pages = {155-159},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
  abstract = {Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia
AU  - Yoko Horiuchi
AU  - Kaoru Kusama
AU  - Hiroko Oji
AU  - Sar Kanha
AU  - Nobuo Yoshiike
Y1  - 2018/09/28
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 155
EP  - 159
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
AB  - Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
ER  -

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