Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients

Marine Gerard; Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi; Aurelie Malgras; Thomas Bermand; Roland Jaussaud; Didier Quilliot

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients

Marine Gerard, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Aurelie Malgras, Thomas Bermand, Roland Jaussaud, Didier Quilliot

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 5)

Received: 3 November 2020 Accepted: 13 November 2020 Published: 23 November 2020

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Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease at high risk of muscle failure and undernutrition. In this setting, systematic screenings are necessary to assess muscle deficit during hospitalization and after discharge. Objective: To analyze the interest of a self-assessment of muscle strength (SES) to evaluate the evolution of muscle strength during COVID-19 and to assess the agreement between SES and the handgrip test. Methods: Prospective cohort study including all inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted in a non-ICU unit, until the required number of subjects is reached. Handgrip test and SES were recorded at admission and every two days during hospitalization and at Day30 post-discharge. Sarcopenic screening test (SARC-F) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) were administered before admission and on Day30. Nutritional status was recorded at admission, at discharge and at Day30 post-discharge. Evolution effects were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Pearson's chi-square test (p< 0.05). Results: Handgrip and SES progression were significantly correlated (p=0.004), SES <7 enabled detecting 95% of patients with progression in muscle strength. Muscle failure incidence was lower at discharge (73% to 42% for handgrip and 69% to 42% for SES (p=0.0035)). At admission, 61% had ≥30% reduction in food intake which was higher in the presence of anosmia and inflammation; 73% presented malnutrition and 19% necessitated tube feeding due to severe malnutrition as well as insufficient nutrition intake. Weight loss kinetics decreased significantly during hospitalization (-0.4±1.6% vs. -5.4±6.3% pre-admission, p=0.0016). At Day 30, 17% had a severe muscle failure (SES<7 and/or SARC-F>6) and 32% had persistent severe malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study showed that three quarters of COVID-19 patients admitted in a non-ICU setting presented malnutrition as well as sarcopenia as assessed by hand strength. Screening for malnutrition and muscle failure should be initiated immediately at the onset of care, with the aim of improving nutritional status as well as maintaining muscle mass and physical performance. During hospitalization, grip strength measured by a handheld dynamometer is inexpensive and easy to administer, even in a COVID unit. On the other hand, the 10-point verbal or visual analogue scales (SES) could prove useful in assessing the long-term progression of muscle strength.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12
Page(s)	132-137
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, Sarcopenia, Muscle Failure, Malnutrition, Handgrip, Self-Evaluation

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APA Style

Marine Gerard, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Aurelie Malgras, Thomas Bermand, Roland Jaussaud, et al. (2020). Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 9(5), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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ACS Style

Marine Gerard; Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi; Aurelie Malgras; Thomas Bermand; Roland Jaussaud, et al. Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2020, 9(5), 132-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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AMA Style

Marine Gerard, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Aurelie Malgras, Thomas Bermand, Roland Jaussaud, et al. Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2020;9(5):132-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12,
  author = {Marine Gerard and Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi and Aurelie Malgras and Thomas Bermand and Roland Jaussaud and Didier Quilliot},
  title = {Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {132-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  abstract = {COVID-19 is a disease at high risk of muscle failure and undernutrition. In this setting, systematic screenings are necessary to assess muscle deficit during hospitalization and after discharge. Objective: To analyze the interest of a self-assessment of muscle strength (SES) to evaluate the evolution of muscle strength during COVID-19 and to assess the agreement between SES and the handgrip test. Methods: Prospective cohort study including all inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted in a non-ICU unit, until the required number of subjects is reached. Handgrip test and SES were recorded at admission and every two days during hospitalization and at Day30 post-discharge. Sarcopenic screening test (SARC-F) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) were administered before admission and on Day30. Nutritional status was recorded at admission, at discharge and at Day30 post-discharge. Evolution effects were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Pearson's chi-square test (p6) and 32% had persistent severe malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study showed that three quarters of COVID-19 patients admitted in a non-ICU setting presented malnutrition as well as sarcopenia as assessed by hand strength. Screening for malnutrition and muscle failure should be initiated immediately at the onset of care, with the aim of improving nutritional status as well as maintaining muscle mass and physical performance. During hospitalization, grip strength measured by a handheld dynamometer is inexpensive and easy to administer, even in a COVID unit. On the other hand, the 10-point verbal or visual analogue scales (SES) could prove useful in assessing the long-term progression of muscle strength.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients
AU - Marine Gerard
AU - Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi
AU - Aurelie Malgras
AU - Thomas Bermand
AU - Roland Jaussaud
AU - Didier Quilliot
Y1 - 2020/11/23
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12
T2 - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP - 132
EP - 137
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2716
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12
AB - COVID-19 is a disease at high risk of muscle failure and undernutrition. In this setting, systematic screenings are necessary to assess muscle deficit during hospitalization and after discharge. Objective: To analyze the interest of a self-assessment of muscle strength (SES) to evaluate the evolution of muscle strength during COVID-19 and to assess the agreement between SES and the handgrip test. Methods: Prospective cohort study including all inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted in a non-ICU unit, until the required number of subjects is reached. Handgrip test and SES were recorded at admission and every two days during hospitalization and at Day30 post-discharge. Sarcopenic screening test (SARC-F) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) were administered before admission and on Day30. Nutritional status was recorded at admission, at discharge and at Day30 post-discharge. Evolution effects were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Pearson's chi-square test (p6) and 32% had persistent severe malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study showed that three quarters of COVID-19 patients admitted in a non-ICU setting presented malnutrition as well as sarcopenia as assessed by hand strength. Screening for malnutrition and muscle failure should be initiated immediately at the onset of care, with the aim of improving nutritional status as well as maintaining muscle mass and physical performance. During hospitalization, grip strength measured by a handheld dynamometer is inexpensive and easy to administer, even in a COVID unit. On the other hand, the 10-point verbal or visual analogue scales (SES) could prove useful in assessing the long-term progression of muscle strength.
VL - 9
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Marine Gerard

Transversal Unit of Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, University of Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Brabois Hospital, Nancy, France
Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi

Medical Evaluation Department, Department of Clinical Research Support PARC, University of Lorraine, CHU Nancy, France
Aurelie Malgras

Transversal Unit of Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, University of Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Brabois Hospital, Nancy, France
Thomas Bermand

Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
Roland Jaussaud

Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Department, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
Didier Quilliot

Transversal Unit of Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, University of Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, Brabois Hospital, Nancy, France

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APA Style

Marine Gerard, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Aurelie Malgras, Thomas Bermand, Roland Jaussaud, et al. (2020). Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 9(5), 132-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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ACS Style

Marine Gerard; Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi; Aurelie Malgras; Thomas Bermand; Roland Jaussaud, et al. Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2020, 9(5), 132-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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AMA Style

Marine Gerard, Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi, Aurelie Malgras, Thomas Bermand, Roland Jaussaud, et al. Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2020;9(5):132-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12,
  author = {Marine Gerard and Phi-Linh Nguyen-Thi and Aurelie Malgras and Thomas Bermand and Roland Jaussaud and Didier Quilliot},
  title = {Assessment of Muscle Function in Severe and Malnourished COVID-19 Patients},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {132-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20200905.12},
  abstract = {COVID-19 is a disease at high risk of muscle failure and undernutrition. In this setting, systematic screenings are necessary to assess muscle deficit during hospitalization and after discharge. Objective: To analyze the interest of a self-assessment of muscle strength (SES) to evaluate the evolution of muscle strength during COVID-19 and to assess the agreement between SES and the handgrip test. Methods: Prospective cohort study including all inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted in a non-ICU unit, until the required number of subjects is reached. Handgrip test and SES were recorded at admission and every two days during hospitalization and at Day30 post-discharge. Sarcopenic screening test (SARC-F) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) were administered before admission and on Day30. Nutritional status was recorded at admission, at discharge and at Day30 post-discharge. Evolution effects were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Pearson's chi-square test (p6) and 32% had persistent severe malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study showed that three quarters of COVID-19 patients admitted in a non-ICU setting presented malnutrition as well as sarcopenia as assessed by hand strength. Screening for malnutrition and muscle failure should be initiated immediately at the onset of care, with the aim of improving nutritional status as well as maintaining muscle mass and physical performance. During hospitalization, grip strength measured by a handheld dynamometer is inexpensive and easy to administer, even in a COVID unit. On the other hand, the 10-point verbal or visual analogue scales (SES) could prove useful in assessing the long-term progression of muscle strength.},
 year = {2020}
}

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