The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health

Matthew Stefan; Matthew Sharp; Raad Gheith; Ryan Lowery; Jacob Wilson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health

Matthew Stefan, Matthew Sharp, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Jacob Wilson

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)

Received: 9 November 2020 Accepted: 24 November 2020 Published: 8 December 2020

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Abstract

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
Page(s)	154-162
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, Ketosis, Safety, Exogenous Ketones

References

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APA Style

Matthew Stefan, Matthew Sharp, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Jacob Wilson. (2020). The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 9(6), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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ACS Style

Matthew Stefan; Matthew Sharp; Raad Gheith; Ryan Lowery; Jacob Wilson. The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2020, 9(6), 154-162. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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AMA Style

Matthew Stefan, Matthew Sharp, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Jacob Wilson. The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2020;9(6):154-162. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13,
  author = {Matthew Stefan and Matthew Sharp and Raad Gheith and Ryan Lowery and Jacob Wilson},
  title = {The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {154-162},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  abstract = {The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health
AU  - Matthew Stefan
AU  - Matthew Sharp
AU  - Raad Gheith
AU  - Ryan Lowery
AU  - Jacob Wilson
Y1  - 2020/12/08
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 154
EP  - 162
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
AB  - The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Matthew Stefan

Research Department, The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
Matthew Sharp

Research Department, The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
Raad Gheith

Research Department, The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
Ryan Lowery

Research Department, The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
Jacob Wilson

Research Department, The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA

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APA Style

Matthew Stefan, Matthew Sharp, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Jacob Wilson. (2020). The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 9(6), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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ACS Style

Matthew Stefan; Matthew Sharp; Raad Gheith; Ryan Lowery; Jacob Wilson. The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2020, 9(6), 154-162. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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AMA Style

Matthew Stefan, Matthew Sharp, Raad Gheith, Ryan Lowery, Jacob Wilson. The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2020;9(6):154-162. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13,
  author = {Matthew Stefan and Matthew Sharp and Raad Gheith and Ryan Lowery and Jacob Wilson},
  title = {The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {154-162},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20200906.13},
  abstract = {The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health
AU  - Matthew Stefan
AU  - Matthew Sharp
AU  - Raad Gheith
AU  - Ryan Lowery
AU  - Jacob Wilson
Y1  - 2020/12/08
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 154
EP  - 162
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20200906.13
AB  - The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that will induce a state of ketosis. Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated ketone body production in response to the absence of carbohydrates. Some drawbacks of the ketogenic diet are that it can be difficult to adhere to due to its restrictive nature, and it can also cause some undesirable side effects like gastrointestinal distress and increases in apoB-lipoproteins. In order to maximize the benefit of ketosis and to minimize side effects, supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate may induce a state of temporary ketosis without undesirable side effects. In the present study, 22 healthy male and female adults consumed 12.75 grams of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or maltodextrin placebo twice daily for 90 days. Comprehensive blood safety analysis, body composition, bone densitometry, psychological and immune surveys, and blood pressure were administered at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. There were no significant differences in any measures collected, indicating that exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate had no detrimental impact on fasting blood values such as electrolyte levels, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, complete blood count, body composition, bone density, psychological well-being, immune status, or blood pressure. We conclude that supplementing with exogenous beta-hydroxybutyrate is safe and well-tolerated by healthy adults.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

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