Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study

Sujoy Kumar Makar; Nageshwar Rao; Lenka; Joyanta Basu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study

Sujoy Kumar Makar, Nageshwar Rao, Lenka, Joyanta Basu

Published in International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 12 November 2021 Accepted: 1 December 2021 Published: 11 December 2021

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Abstract

The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance of children with cochlear implant use longer than 4 years in North-East region of rural India. Study design- A longitudinal study of ninety-three children with mean age of 3.8 years with standard deviation (SD) of 0.9 years (61 males and 32 females) with unilateral cochlear implant below poverty line in rural India and with 2 years intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy were included in the study. This study was based on the assessment of outcomes of unilateral Cochlear Implantation while reviewing various measuring scoring systems like Categories of Auditory perception (CAP), Milestones for early communication development, Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Skill (REELS), Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC); for articulation assessment- available articulation test in local language and spontaneous speech sample and Aided audiogram thresholds. The results on the average of the post operative auditory global threshold (T0) just after cochlear implantation was 33.53±8.91dBSPL and after continuously using 4 years cochlear implant for auditory global threshold was 32.56±6.43dBSPL. The ASC revealed 46% were able to comprehend, CAP findings shows there is a significant difference (p=0.039, at p<0.05 level) in the auditory skills based on duration of hearing aid use before implantation. The difference between hearing aid user and non-hearing aid user was significant (p=0.034, p<0.05). The differences in the performance of children with Digisonic SP implantees group and Nucleus freedom implantees group in terms of aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance were not significant. Cochlear implant with auditory verbal therapy under ADIP scheme is evidence based treatment for children with profound hearing loss for speech and language acquisition and best hearing performance. This increased access to mainstream education, greater opportunities for employment, societal and economic benefits. In conclusion cochlear implant was beneficial to children with profound hearing loss, contributing to hearing performance and speech-language acquisition. However, there were indications of challenges with certain aspects of language, specifically receptive vocabulary and expressive grammar, suggested requirement of longer period intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy. The results obtained seem to remain stable over the years.

Published in	International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
Page(s)	6-10
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cochlear Implantation, Language Development, REELS Score, Auditory Verbal Habilitation

References

[1]	Albu, S., & Babighian, G. (1997). Predictive factors in cochlear implants. Acta oto-rhino-laryngologica belgica, 51 (1), 11-16.
[2]	Archbold, S., Lutman, M. E., & Marshall, D. H. (1995). Categories of auditory performance. The Annals of otology, rhinology & laryngology. Supplement, 166, 312-314.
[3]	Beadle, E. A., McKinley, D. J., Nikolopoulos, T. P., Brough, J., O'Donoghue, G. M., and Archbold, S. M. (2005). Long-term functional outcomes and academic-occupational status in implanted children after 10 to 14 years of cochlear implant use. Otology & Neurotology, 26 (6), 1152-1160.
[4]	Bzoch, K. R., League, R., & Brown, V. L. (2003). Receptive-expressive emergent language test third edition (REEL-3). St. Antonio: Pearson.
[5]	Connor, C. M., Hieber, S., Arts, H. A., & Zwolan T. A., 2000. Speech, vocabulary, and the education of children using cochlear implants: Oral or total communication? Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 1185-203.
[6]	Dowell, R. C., Dettman, S. J., Blamey, P. J., Barker, E. J., & Clark, G. M. (2002). Speech perception in children using cochlear implants: prediction of long-term outcomes. Cochlear Implants International, 3 (1), 1-18.
[7]	Erenberg A, Lemons J, Sia C, Trunkel D, & Ziring P. Newborn and infant hearing loss: detection and intervention. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Newborn and Infant Hearing, 1998- 1999. Pediatrics. 1999 Feb; 103 (2): 527-30. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.2.527. PMID: 9925859.
[8]	https://disabilityaffairs.gov.in.
[9]	Kaplan, D. M., & Puterman, M. (2010). Pediatric cochlear implants in prelingual deafness: medium and long-term outcomes. IMAJ-Israel Medical Association Journal, 12 (2), 107.
[10]	Meinzen-Derr, J., Wiley, S., Creighton, J., & Choo, D. (2007). Auditory Skills Checklist: clinical tool for monitoring functional auditory skill development in young children with cochlear implants. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 116 (11), 812-818.
[11]	Peixoto, M. C., Spratley, J., Oliveira, G., Martins, J., Bastos, J., & Ribeiro, C. (2013). Effectiveness of cochlear implants in children: long term results. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 77 (4), 462-468.
[12]	Robbins, A., Koch, D. B., Osberger, M. J., Zimmerman-Phillips, S., & Kishon-Rabin, L. 2004a. Effect of age at cochlear implantation on auditory skill development in infants and toddlers. Archives of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 130, No. 5, pp. 570- 574.
[13]	Sahli AS., & Belgin E., (2011). Reasearch Auditory Perception Performances of Children Using Cochlear Implants and being Trained by AuditoryVerbal Therapy. International Advance Otolaryngology; 7: (3) 385-390.
[14]	Qiu, J., Yu, C., Ariyaratne, T. V., Foteff, C., Ke, Z., Sun, Y.,... & Sanderson, G. (2017). Cost-effectiveness of pediatric cochlear implantation in rural china. Otology & Neurotology, 38 (6), e75.
[15]	Wie, O. B., von Koss Torkildsen, J., Schauber, S., Busch, T., & Litovsky, R. (2020). Long-term language development in children with early simultaneous bilateral cochlear implants. Ear and hearing, 41 (5), 1294.

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APA Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar, Nageshwar Rao, Lenka, Joyanta Basu. (2021). Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 7(2), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar; Nageshwar Rao; Lenka; Joyanta Basu. Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 2021, 7(2), 6-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar, Nageshwar Rao, Lenka, Joyanta Basu. Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;7(2):6-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11,
  author = {Sujoy Kumar Makar and Nageshwar Rao and Lenka and Joyanta Basu},
  title = {Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {6-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijo.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance of children with cochlear implant use longer than 4 years in North-East region of rural India. Study design- A longitudinal study of ninety-three children with mean age of 3.8 years with standard deviation (SD) of 0.9 years (61 males and 32 females) with unilateral cochlear implant below poverty line in rural India and with 2 years intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy were included in the study. This study was based on the assessment of outcomes of unilateral Cochlear Implantation while reviewing various measuring scoring systems like Categories of Auditory perception (CAP), Milestones for early communication development, Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Skill (REELS), Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC); for articulation assessment- available articulation test in local language and spontaneous speech sample and Aided audiogram thresholds. The results on the average of the post operative auditory global threshold (T0) just after cochlear implantation was 33.53±8.91dBSPL and after continuously using 4 years cochlear implant for auditory global threshold was 32.56±6.43dBSPL. The ASC revealed 46% were able to comprehend, CAP findings shows there is a significant difference (p=0.039, at p<0.05 level) in the auditory skills based on duration of hearing aid use before implantation. The difference between hearing aid user and non-hearing aid user was significant (p=0.034, p<0.05). The differences in the performance of children with Digisonic SP implantees group and Nucleus freedom implantees group in terms of aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance were not significant. Cochlear implant with auditory verbal therapy under ADIP scheme is evidence based treatment for children with profound hearing loss for speech and language acquisition and best hearing performance. This increased access to mainstream education, greater opportunities for employment, societal and economic benefits. In conclusion cochlear implant was beneficial to children with profound hearing loss, contributing to hearing performance and speech-language acquisition. However, there were indications of challenges with certain aspects of language, specifically receptive vocabulary and expressive grammar, suggested requirement of longer period intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy. The results obtained seem to remain stable over the years.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study
AU  - Sujoy Kumar Makar
AU  - Nageshwar Rao
AU  - Lenka
AU  - Joyanta Basu
Y1  - 2021/12/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
T2  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JF  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JO  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
SP  - 6
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-2413
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
AB  - The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance of children with cochlear implant use longer than 4 years in North-East region of rural India. Study design- A longitudinal study of ninety-three children with mean age of 3.8 years with standard deviation (SD) of 0.9 years (61 males and 32 females) with unilateral cochlear implant below poverty line in rural India and with 2 years intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy were included in the study. This study was based on the assessment of outcomes of unilateral Cochlear Implantation while reviewing various measuring scoring systems like Categories of Auditory perception (CAP), Milestones for early communication development, Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Skill (REELS), Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC); for articulation assessment- available articulation test in local language and spontaneous speech sample and Aided audiogram thresholds. The results on the average of the post operative auditory global threshold (T0) just after cochlear implantation was 33.53±8.91dBSPL and after continuously using 4 years cochlear implant for auditory global threshold was 32.56±6.43dBSPL. The ASC revealed 46% were able to comprehend, CAP findings shows there is a significant difference (p=0.039, at p<0.05 level) in the auditory skills based on duration of hearing aid use before implantation. The difference between hearing aid user and non-hearing aid user was significant (p=0.034, p<0.05). The differences in the performance of children with Digisonic SP implantees group and Nucleus freedom implantees group in terms of aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance were not significant. Cochlear implant with auditory verbal therapy under ADIP scheme is evidence based treatment for children with profound hearing loss for speech and language acquisition and best hearing performance. This increased access to mainstream education, greater opportunities for employment, societal and economic benefits. In conclusion cochlear implant was beneficial to children with profound hearing loss, contributing to hearing performance and speech-language acquisition. However, there were indications of challenges with certain aspects of language, specifically receptive vocabulary and expressive grammar, suggested requirement of longer period intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy. The results obtained seem to remain stable over the years.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Sujoy Kumar Makar

Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India
Nageshwar Rao

Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India
Lenka

National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India
Joyanta Basu

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Kolkata, India

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar, Nageshwar Rao, Lenka, Joyanta Basu. (2021). Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 7(2), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar; Nageshwar Rao; Lenka; Joyanta Basu. Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 2021, 7(2), 6-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Sujoy Kumar Makar, Nageshwar Rao, Lenka, Joyanta Basu. Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;7(2):6-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11,
  author = {Sujoy Kumar Makar and Nageshwar Rao and Lenka and Joyanta Basu},
  title = {Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {6-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijo.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance of children with cochlear implant use longer than 4 years in North-East region of rural India. Study design- A longitudinal study of ninety-three children with mean age of 3.8 years with standard deviation (SD) of 0.9 years (61 males and 32 females) with unilateral cochlear implant below poverty line in rural India and with 2 years intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy were included in the study. This study was based on the assessment of outcomes of unilateral Cochlear Implantation while reviewing various measuring scoring systems like Categories of Auditory perception (CAP), Milestones for early communication development, Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Skill (REELS), Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC); for articulation assessment- available articulation test in local language and spontaneous speech sample and Aided audiogram thresholds. The results on the average of the post operative auditory global threshold (T0) just after cochlear implantation was 33.53±8.91dBSPL and after continuously using 4 years cochlear implant for auditory global threshold was 32.56±6.43dBSPL. The ASC revealed 46% were able to comprehend, CAP findings shows there is a significant difference (p=0.039, at p<0.05 level) in the auditory skills based on duration of hearing aid use before implantation. The difference between hearing aid user and non-hearing aid user was significant (p=0.034, p<0.05). The differences in the performance of children with Digisonic SP implantees group and Nucleus freedom implantees group in terms of aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance were not significant. Cochlear implant with auditory verbal therapy under ADIP scheme is evidence based treatment for children with profound hearing loss for speech and language acquisition and best hearing performance. This increased access to mainstream education, greater opportunities for employment, societal and economic benefits. In conclusion cochlear implant was beneficial to children with profound hearing loss, contributing to hearing performance and speech-language acquisition. However, there were indications of challenges with certain aspects of language, specifically receptive vocabulary and expressive grammar, suggested requirement of longer period intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy. The results obtained seem to remain stable over the years.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Cochlear Implant in Children with Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Below Poverty Line in Rural India: A Longitudinal Study
AU  - Sujoy Kumar Makar
AU  - Nageshwar Rao
AU  - Lenka
AU  - Joyanta Basu
Y1  - 2021/12/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
T2  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JF  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JO  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
SP  - 6
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-2413
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20210702.11
AB  - The objective of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance of children with cochlear implant use longer than 4 years in North-East region of rural India. Study design- A longitudinal study of ninety-three children with mean age of 3.8 years with standard deviation (SD) of 0.9 years (61 males and 32 females) with unilateral cochlear implant below poverty line in rural India and with 2 years intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy were included in the study. This study was based on the assessment of outcomes of unilateral Cochlear Implantation while reviewing various measuring scoring systems like Categories of Auditory perception (CAP), Milestones for early communication development, Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Skill (REELS), Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC); for articulation assessment- available articulation test in local language and spontaneous speech sample and Aided audiogram thresholds. The results on the average of the post operative auditory global threshold (T0) just after cochlear implantation was 33.53±8.91dBSPL and after continuously using 4 years cochlear implant for auditory global threshold was 32.56±6.43dBSPL. The ASC revealed 46% were able to comprehend, CAP findings shows there is a significant difference (p=0.039, at p<0.05 level) in the auditory skills based on duration of hearing aid use before implantation. The difference between hearing aid user and non-hearing aid user was significant (p=0.034, p<0.05). The differences in the performance of children with Digisonic SP implantees group and Nucleus freedom implantees group in terms of aided auditory threshold and speech-language performance were not significant. Cochlear implant with auditory verbal therapy under ADIP scheme is evidence based treatment for children with profound hearing loss for speech and language acquisition and best hearing performance. This increased access to mainstream education, greater opportunities for employment, societal and economic benefits. In conclusion cochlear implant was beneficial to children with profound hearing loss, contributing to hearing performance and speech-language acquisition. However, there were indications of challenges with certain aspects of language, specifically receptive vocabulary and expressive grammar, suggested requirement of longer period intervention of post implant auditory verbal therapy. The results obtained seem to remain stable over the years.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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